胡桃楸种源遗传变异规律的研究
2014-10-21夏德安许忠志侯丹周佳王会仁
夏德安 许忠志 侯丹 周佳 王会仁
摘要 采用方差分析、相关分析等统计方法研究了胡桃楸种源试验林的遗传变异和优良种源的选择。结果表明, 胡桃楸种源间的树高、胸径、材积等生长性状的差异都达到显著或极显著水平;胡桃楸的主要性状与经度、纬度、海拔的相关系数都未达到显著水平,呈现随机变异;胡桃楸生长性状与气候因子的相关系数均未达到显著水平,但从相关系数看,年均温、年积温、日照常数和年降水量对生长有一定影响,表现为随着年均温、年积温、日照常数和年降水量的增加,树高、胸径、材积等生长性状的取值增大;舒兰是优良种源, 材积比其他种源高出64.03%。
关键词 胡桃楸;地理变异;种源
中图分类号 S792.132 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10956-03
Study on Genetic Variation Law of Juglans mandshurica Provenances
XIA Dean1, XU Zhongzhi2, HOU Dan1 et al (1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040; 2. Liaoning Province Forestry Seed Management Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110006)
Abstract The genetic variation and provenance selection were studied using analysis of variance, correlation analysis and other methods in Juglans mandshurica provenance experimental forest. The results showed that the height, DBH and volume among Juglans mandshurica provenance are significant or very significant level. The correlation coefficients between the main characters of Juglans mandshurica and the longitude, latitude, elevation arent significant and their variations are random. The correlation coefficients between growth trait of Juglans mandshurica and climate factors are not significant. According to the correlation coefficient, mean annual temperature, annual accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and annual precipitation have impact on growth. With the increasing in mean annual temperature, annual accumulated temperature, sunshine and annual precipitation, these traits of value increase. Shulan is the optimal provenance, its volume 64.03% higher than other provenance.
Key words Juglans mandshurica; Geographical variation; Provenances
胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim)属于胡桃科 (Juglandaceae)胡桃属(Juglans)。胡桃属约20种,分布于北温带,我国有5种1变种。胡桃楸与水曲柳、黄菠萝并称“东北三大硬阔”,是国家Ⅱ级珍稀树种和我国珍稀濒危树种的三级保护植物[1]。其木材有光泽,刨面光滑,纹理美观,并有坚韧不裂、耐腐蚀等优点,被广泛用于军工、建筑、家具、车辆、舰船和乐器等。其种仁含油率为40%~63%,营养丰富,可榨油,是很有发展前途的木本油料植物[2];其果壳可制活性炭;其树皮含单宁,可制栲胶。
目前,由于过量采伐, 胡桃楸天然林大树接近枯竭。进行胡桃楸种源试验,对于收集与保存资源、保护生物多样性、维护生态平衡具有重大的理论指导意义。同时,通过种源试验选择优良种源,可为林业生产提供良种、提高胡桃楸林分的生长量,为以后的植树造林以及森林的经营提供更加便利的条件。……
