石瑞 胡欣 杨志勇 陈寅杰 甚庆元

摘要 [目的] 了解我國电捕鱼工具使用现状，为国家制订渔业资源保护政策与导向提供科学依据。[方法] 采用实地收集鱼具，测定电捕鱼工具可击昏鱼的作用范围、输出电压、波形，分析该类工具在性能上的演变，评价电捕鱼工具对水生资源的影响。[结果]现有电捕鱼工具以脉冲输出为主，直流输出为辅，没有收集到交流输出样品。现有电捕鱼工具的平均输出电压是1975年的1.6倍、1959年的3.0倍，平均击昏作用距离是是1975年的1.3倍，1959年的1.7倍;个别工具的输出电压达到1975年的4.3倍，1959年的8.0倍;可击昏作用半径达到1975年的2.3倍及1959年的2.9倍。研究结果还表明现有的电捕鱼工具通过提升输出电压、改为脉冲输出等方法，提升捕鱼效率、扩大作业范围，会引发鱼等水生生物资源的加速消亡。[结论] 该试验分析方法及作用半径的评估方法，可用于电捕鱼工具对水生资源影响的评估，有利于推进我国农牧水产行业的可持续健康发展。

关键词 电捕鱼工具;性能;击昏;作用半径

中图分类号 S937;S969;S972 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）33-11986-03

Electrical Properties Study and Scope Evaluation of Electric Fishing Tools in Fresh Water

SHI Rui1， 2， 3， HU Xin1， 2， 3， YANG Zhi-yong1， 2 et al

（1.The National Supervision and Testing Center of Fishery Machinery and Instrument， Shanghai 200092; 2. Fisher Machinery and Instrument Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Science， Shanghai 200092; 3. Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering， Ministry of Agriculture， Shanghai 200092）

Abstract [Objective] To study the utilization status of electric fishing tools in China， and provide scientific basis for policy-making and guidance of fishery protection. [Method] The scope of immobilized fish with electric fishing tools， output voltage， wave form were determined，evolution of the tools performance was analyzed， effects of electric fishing tools on aquatic resource were evaluated. [Result] It was indicated most of them had strong effects by outputting pulsed waveforms， only two of them outputting DC waveforms with low voltage values， none of them was found outputting AC waveform in now days. In the result of voltage values was showed， the most powerful sample reached 4.3 times and 8.0 times corresponding with them acted in 1975 and 1959. While in the result of average voltage values was showed， they were 1.6 times and 3.0 times than they was in 1975 and 1959. Kelieyier electric field formula was used to calculate the immobilized range. In the result of range was showed the most powerful one was 2.3 times and 2.9 times than they acted in 1975 and 1959. It was indicated that in now days， the electric fishing tools improved fishing efficiency， expanded the fishing range by the way of enhancing the output voltage， changing to pulse output mode. While what worries us is this will cause more consumption on aquatic biological resources like fishes. [Conclusion] Test methods in this study， the role of the radius of assessment methods and the resulting data can be used for aquatic resource evaluating values， will help promote the sustainable and healthy development of Chinas agriculture and animal husbandry aquaculture industry.

Key words Electric fishing tools; Electrical properties; Immobilized; Scope

基金项目 南岸干渠拦鱼设施项目（NAZG-0109042）;农业部渔业装备与工程重点开放实验室（2013005）。

作者简介 石瑞（1969- ），男，山东青岛人，副研究员，从事渔业仪器装备研究。

收稿日期 2014-10-28

我国《中华人民共和国渔业法实施细则》第17条及第20条，明令禁止使用电力捕鱼;我国《野生动物保护法》、《中国自然保护纲要》等法律提出了生物资源保护的要求[1]。但是在我国使用电捕鱼作业仍然较为普遍，因此研究电捕鱼工具性能，及其对鱼有多大作用范围十分重要，可用于水生资源影响评估，有利于推进我国农牧水产行业的可持续健康发展[2]。……