商丘大豆优异种质及其利用研究
2014-10-21闫向前闫延梅孙化军侯乐新张琪
闫向前 闫延梅 孙化军 侯乐新 张琪
摘要
[目的]为商丘创新大豆种质进一步利用提供理论依据。[方法]对商丘大豆优异种质特征特性进行描述,对其直接作亲本选育出的新品种(系)进行分析。[结果]长期以来,通过人工有性杂交选育出的大豆优良种质,如商8653、商86118、商9202、商9211、商8480、商1032、商豆1099,特征特性优良,由其作亲本选育出的新品种(系)部分通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会或国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。[结论]利用人工杂交技术创新大豆种质越来越多。随着理化诱变和轮回选择等手段在大豆种质创新上的应用,商丘大豆种质会越来越丰富,这必将带来大豆育种的新突破。
关键词 大豆;优异种质;利用
中图分类号 S565.1 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10896-02
The Excellent Soybean Germplasm of Shangqiu and Its Use
YAN Xiangqian1, YAN Yanmei1, SUN Huajun1, HOU Lexin2* et al (1.Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu, Henan 476000; 2. Suiyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shangqiu, Henan 476000)
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for deep utilization of new soybean germplasm of Shangqiu. [Method] The characteristics and excellent soybean germplasm of Shangqiu were described and then the new varieties(lines) bred by taking them as parents were analyzed. [Result] For a long time, the characteristics of the excellent soybean germplasm bred by artificial and sexual hybridization, such as Shang 8653, Shang 86118, Shang 9202, Shang 9211, Shuang 8480, Shang 1032 and Shang dou 1099, were good, parts of the new varieties(lines) bred by taking them as parents were released by the Henan Crops Variety Approval Committee or the National Crop Variety Approval Committee. [Conclusion] That using artificial hybridization technology to innovate the soybean germplasm is more and more. With the use of some methods in soybean germplasm innovation, such as physical and chemical mutagenesis and recurrent selection, the soybean germplasm of Shangqiu is more plentiful, which will bring the new breakthrough of soybean breeding.
Key words Soybean; Excellent germplasm; Utilization
商丘市地處豫东平原,大豆生产以麦茬夏大豆为主,是河南省大豆主要产区之一[1]。该地原有大豆品种普遍存在丰产性差、晚熟、感病等突出问题,高产抗病的种质尤为缺乏。长期以来,选择性状优异的大豆种质,通过人工有性杂交,曾选育出较大一批大豆优良种质,并先后育成了商丘7608、豫豆14、商豆1099、商豆14号、商豆6号等在生产上推广种植,取得显著成效。近年来,经过对大豆种质的不断改良,选育出一批新品种(系)参加省试或品种联合鉴定,现将一些优异种质及利用情况进行简述,旨在为大豆创新种质的进一步利用提供依据。
1 材料与方法
所述大豆创新种质大都是自育多亲本世代聚合杂交选育而成。该研究中是将父、母本最后一次杂交定名做以描述,不再追踪遗传祖先,将其作为亲本杂交育成的品种(系)利用情况做简单介绍。……
