建立小型分散养殖粪污集中收集处理服务体系的研究
2014-10-21白延飞王子臣吴昊王海芹沈建宁吴田乡管永祥梁永红
白延飞 王子臣 吴昊 王海芹 沈建宁 吴田乡 管永祥 梁永红
摘要 小型分散畜禽养殖场养殖规模小、布局零散,由于缺乏有效的治理措施,污染治理技术和监管成本相对较高,成为当前农村面源污染的主要来源和农业源污染减排的重点、难点。结合常州市武进区礼嘉畜禽粪便治理中心成功运行的创新实践调研,探讨通过建立收集处理服务体系,创新运行体制机制,转变政府监管方式,实现“统一收集,集中处理,社会化服务,综合利用”的小型分散畜禽养殖治污新路径,为推进污染治理提供理论与模式参考,更大力度推动江苏省农业源污染减排。
关键词 小型;畜禽养殖;收集;体系;综合利用
中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)33-11844-04
Study on Setting up Small Scattered Farming Waste Centralized Collection Processing Service System
BAI Yan-fei1, WANG Zi-chen1,2, WU Hao1, GUAN Yong-xiang1* et al
(1. Jiangsu Station of Agro-Ecological Monitoring and Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036; 2. Circular Agricultural Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014)
Abstract The small dispersion of livestock and poultry farm become the main sources of the current rural non-point source pollution and the emphases and difficulties of agricultural source pollution reduction for the small scale, scattered layout, lack of effective control measures, relatively higher pollution control technology and regulatory costs. In order to advance the theory and model reference of pollution control and to promote agricultural source pollution reduction of Jiangsu Province, this paper based on the research of successful operation of Lijia Wujin District Changzhou City innovation practice of poultry and animal feces management center, discussed by establishing the collection processing service system, operation system and mechanism innovation, the transformation of the mode of government supervision and implement new path of small dispersion livestock and poultry breeding pollution using "unified collection, centralized processing, social services, comprehensive utilization".
Key words Small scale; Livestock and poultry breeding; Collection; System; Comprehensive utilization
基金項目 江苏省太湖水环境综合治理科研项目(TH2013306);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(13)4054);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2014]294)。
作者简介 白延飞(1970- ),男,江苏沛县人,高级农艺师,硕士,从事农业生态环境保护研究。*通讯作者,研究员,从事农业生态研究。
收稿日期 2014-09-30
传统的畜禽养殖业以家庭为单元,养殖规模小,产生畜禽粪便量少且可全部用于农业生产,基本不存在环境污染问题。从“十一五”开始,随着工业化、城市化快速发展,各地采取一系列促进畜禽养殖业发展的政策和措施,极大地推动了畜禽养殖的快速发展,但随之而来的是养殖废弃物产生量也大幅增加。全国污染源普查数据表明,畜禽养殖污染已经成为环境污染的重要因素,2010年,全国畜禽养殖业的化学需氧量、总氮、总磷排放量分别达到1 270万t、102万t和16万t,占排放总量的比例分别为42%、22%和38%,占农业源的96%、38%和56%。……
