温度与pH对静态厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响
2014-10-21王法武刘德新陈浩黄世臣
王法武 刘德新 陈浩 黄世臣
摘要 [目的] 筛选静态厌氧发酵产甲烷的最佳试验条件。[方法] 自行研制甲烷厌氧发酵装置生物反应器,以牛、兔和熊的粪便为发酵物料,对甲烷产生的最适温度、物料发酵初始pH以及物料的初始碳氮比对甲烷产生的影响进行研究。[结果] 发酵温度为35 ℃,物料的初始pH为7时可获得最大的甲烷产量,牛粪的碳氮比最适合发酵产甲烷气。改变发酵温度和物料初始pH对总产气量有影响,但对发酵周期影响不大。[结论] 该研究可为利用家畜粪便制造沼气提供理论依据和参考。
关键词 温度;pH;甲烷;厌氧发酵
中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)33-11839-03
Effects of Temperature and pH Value on Methane Yield during Process of Static Anaerobic Fermentation
WANG Fa-wu1, LIU De-xin2, CHEN Hao2, HUANG Shi-chen2*
(1.Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Station, Fusong, Jilin 134500; 2.Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to screen the optimum experimental conditions of static anaerobic fermentation for the production of methane.[Method] The bioreactor of producing methane was developed. Then taken wastes of cow, rabbit and bear as fermentation material, the effects of temperature, initial pH and ratio of carbon and nitrogen on methane yield were studied.[Result] The results showed that the most yield of methane could be harvested under conditions with temperatureof 35 ℃ and the fermentation initial pH value of 7. The ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source was an important parameter affecting yield of methane. The cow dung was the best material for producing methane under static anaerobic fermentation.[Conclusion] This study could provide theoretical references for the methane production with animal wastes as meterials.
Key words Temperature; pH; Methane; Anaerobic fermentation
作者简介 王法武(1974-),男,吉林抚松人,高级农艺师,从事农技推广研究。*通迅作者,副教授,博士,从事生物修复研究。
收稿日期 2014-10-16
当前,能源危机和环境污染问题已越来越为人们所关注,废弃物的再生和能源化成为人们目前关注的热点。近年来,我国畜禽养殖业发展迅速,畜禽养殖数量和规模不断扩大,其中粪便的产量也不断加大,远远超过了自然分解能力[1]。在大面积堆放过程中,还会产生温室气体——CO2和CH4,如果能将这些所谓的“废弃物”合理地进行处理,并将产生的气体收集起来,将是一个很大的资源。目前国内相对农业上产生的废弃物,如作物秸杆[2]、牲畜和家禽的粪便[3-4]、有机生活垃圾[5]等用来生产生物能源的研究和實践已经取得了可喜的成绩。中国天然气资源很紧缺,而能替代天然气的沼气的巨大资源潜力尚未被广泛认识和认真地开发,研究表明,中国产业沼气具有相当于年产900亿m3天然气的开发潜力,是很有前景的生物质能源[6]。……
