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汉麻对石油污染土壤的修复能力研究

2014-10-21宋淑敏王晓楠潘静高宇刘伟伟高宝昌王云云

安徽农业科学 2014年33期

宋淑敏 王晓楠 潘静 高宇 刘伟伟 高宝昌 王云云

摘要 [目的]研究能源植物汉麻对石油污染土壤的修复能力,为植物修复技术的推广应用奠定基础。[方法] 通过盆栽试验,研究不同浓度石油烃对汉麻生长发育的影响,分析汉麻对不同浓度石油烃的耐受能力和降解能力。[结果]结果表明,汉麻对石油污染具有较好的耐受性,土壤中石油烃浓度为4 000 mg/kg时,石油烃对汉麻生长发育的影响不显著;在土壤石油烃浓度在4 000~7 000 mg/kg时,汉麻能够有效促进土壤中石油烃的降解;汉麻对石油烃降解率可达55.68% ~65.52%,明显高于空白对照(18.52%~23.86%)。[结论]汉麻适于修复中低浓度石油(≤7 000 mg/kg)污染土壤。

关键词 汉麻;石油污染;植物修复

中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)33-11822-02

Study on Remedial Capability of Oil-Contaminated Soil by Hemp

SONG Shu-min, WANG Xiao-nan, PAN Jing et al (Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319)

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to research the remediation of energy plant hemp to the oil-contaminated soil, and to lay the foundation for promotion and application of phytoremediation. [Method] The container experiment was conducted to study the effects of petroleum hydrocarbon on the development of hemp and to analyze the endurance and degradation ability of hemp to the different concentrations petroleum hydrocarbon. [Result]The results showed that hemp had good endurance to the oil contamination. Development of hemp wasnt affected significantly when concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon was 4 000 mg/kg. When the concentration reached 4 000-7 000 mg/kg of petroleum hydrocarbon, hemp could effectively promote degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil. Degradation rate of hemp could reach to 55.68%-65.52%, that was significantly higher than the control (18.52%-23.86%). [Conclusion] Hemp was suitable for remediation of medium-low concerntration oil contaminated soil(≤7 000 mg/kg).

Key words Hemp; Oil contamination; Phytoremediation

基金項目 黑龙江省财政厅黑龙江省院所基本应用技术研究专项(DJZ2014-05)。

作者简介 宋淑敏(1968- ),女,黑龙江肇东人,研究员,从事植物生物技术及植物修复技术研究。

收稿日期 2014-10-15

石油污染已成为世界性公害之一,据统计,仅石油污染一项每年全世界就有800万t进入环境,对土壤和地下水资源构成持久性危害。随着我国工业化进程的不断加快,土壤石油污染问题同样呈现日趋严重的趋势,特别是北方产油区污染面积逐年扩大,部分重污染区土壤表层含油量30%~50%。石油污染对生态环境、食品安全和人体健康构成严重威胁,已成为我国可持续发展所面临的重要问题[1]。

目前国际上对石油污染土壤的修复,大多采用物理修复、化学修复和生物修复。由于传统物理、化学修复都存在成本较高且易导致二次污染的发生,致使推广受到阻碍。……

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