张世良

[摘 要]中国人的个人、家庭、社会、政治都围绕着孝。源远流长的孝文化，是在什么样的时代与政治氛围中，逐渐理论化？又如何从人性天伦的彰显，逐步演进为具社会及政治意义的慈孝文化？这样的儒家理念必须在不同时代中都发展出适应时代的新意义，才能在漫长历史中不被时代抛弃。反思并提出其现代化意义，便成了时代人们的当务之急。通过厘清中国传统慈孝文化的起源，梳理慈孝文化理论化的历程，澄清在传统中国统治阶级推广下慈孝文化形成的社会功能，反思慈孝文化在历史递嬗下的逐渐僵化，进而提出慈孝文化的现代化意义。

[关键词]慈孝；儒家；现代社会

[中图分类号]B222 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372（2014）03-0015-04

Reflections on the Ci and Xiao culture of Confucianism in modern society

ZHANG Shi-liang

（Confucius Institute in Taiwan， Taibei 108， China）

Abstract： The personage， the family， the society and the politics are surrounded by Xiao（filial piety） in Chinese. Xiao culture has long-standing and well-established， how is it theorized little by little， in what kind of age and political atmosphere it is realized， how to manifest the human nature and gradual progress into the Ci（taking care of children） and Xiao culture with the significant of society and politics， all these are important questions. So this kind of Confucian ideas must be developed in different times to adapt to the new meaning of the times. They can not be abandoned in the long history. So to reflect it and put forward its modern sense becomes the top priority of current society. By cleaning up the origin of Ci and Xiao culture， combing the course of the theory of Ci and Xiao culture and clarifying the social function of Ci and Xiao culture in the popularizing of traditional ruling class， we reflect the rigidity of Ci and Xiao culture in the gradual evolution of history， and finally we put forward the current meaning Ci and Xiao culture.

Key words：Ci（taking care of children） and Xiao（filial piety）； Confucianist； modern society

一、前言

身为中国人的我们，对所服膺之学说思想，认同的价值判断，可能有各种选择，我们可能是儒家的、道家的，甚至是法家的信徒，但不论倾向于哪一种学说思想，都很难否认在历史中长期居于主流地位的儒家对中国人思想及行为准则的影响，有许多根深蒂固的、我们认为理所当然的思维，是儒家所强调的，其中又以慈孝文化为最。通过本文，期待能厘清中国传统慈孝文化的起源，梳理慈孝文化理论化的历程，澄清在传统统中国治阶级推广下慈孝文化形成的社会功能，反思慈孝文化在历史递嬗下的逐渐僵化，进而提出慈孝文化的现代化意义。

二、慈孝文化的起源与理论化

对于孝的起源，学术界虽有不同的论述，但早在西周时期，孝已是完备的伦理观念。……