王成军

摘要：研究了54名生活年龄在15~16岁之间的男子篮球运动员的体格和生理成熟度对身体素质的影响。体格指标选择身高和体重，生理成熟度通过临床检查评估。针对身体素质的7项测试内容分别为：30 m跑、坐位体前屈、十字跳、20 m×28折返跑、60 s仰卧起坐、坐姿双手胸前传球和半蹲跳。不同生理成熟度的篮球运动员之间采用协方差分析进行比较(控制生活年龄)，身体素质与体格、生理成熟度的关系采用多元线性回归分析。研究结果表明，身体素质在很大程度上与生理成熟度无关；生活年龄对4项身体素质(坐位体前屈、十字跳、20 m×28折返跑、坐姿双手胸前传球)有明显的预测作用，生理成熟度仅对20 m×28折返跑和半蹲跳有明显的预测作用，体重和体重×身高交互作用分别与20 m×28折返跑和半蹲跳呈负相关。

关键词：运动生理学；体格；生理成熟度；青少年男子篮球运动员；身体素质

中图分类号：G804.2文献标志码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2014)04-0130-05

Effects of the degrees of physical and physiological maturity on the

physical qualities of teenage male basketball players

WANG Cheng-jun

（School of Physical Education，North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China)

Abstract: The author studied the effects of the degrees of physical and physiological maturity on the physical qualities of 54 teenage male basketball players at a life age ranging from 15.0 to 16.9. Height and weight were selected as physical indexes; the degree of physiological maturity was evaluated via clinical checkup. 7 physical quality targeted test contents were respectively 30m run, body bending forward from a sitting position, cross jump, 20m x 28 shuttle run, 60s sit-up, chest ball pass with both hands in a sitting position, and squat jump. Basketball players with different degrees of physiological maturity were compared by means of covariance analysis (controlling life age); the relations between physical qualities and physique and the degree of physiological maturity were analyzed by using multivariate linear regression. The research results indicate the followings: physical qualities are irrelevant to the degree of physiological maturity to a great extent; life age has an obvious predicting function on 4 physical qualities (body bending forward in a sitting position, cross jump, 20m x 28 shuttle run, chest ball pass with both hands in a sitting position); the degree of physiological maturity has an obvious predicting function only on 20m x 28 shuttle run and squat jump; weight and the interaction of weight and height show a negative correlation with 20m x 28 shuttle run and squat jump respectively.

Key words: sports physiology；physique；degree of physiological maturity；teenage male basketball player；physical quality

运动成绩是篮球运动员竞技能力的体现，除了与技术、战术等因素有关外，更与运动员的身体素质水平有密切的关系。青少年篮球运动员是中国竞技篮球的基础与未来，是我国篮球职业队以及国家队的主要后备力量，影响他们身体素质的主要因素除了体格发育和生理成熟过程中的身高、体重变化之外，还与个体生理成熟的速度和时间差异有关。此外，许多身体素质都有自身的发展变化规律，比如有氧运动能力、速度和握力等，它们都会随着体格的发育而迅猛变化[1]。……