大葱轮作对温室黄瓜根际土壤微生物多样性的影响
2014-09-22时伟申太荣魏珉等
时伟 申太荣 魏珉等
摘要: 采用大葱/黄瓜轮作和黄瓜/黄瓜连作两种栽培模式,比较研究了黄瓜根际土壤微生物多样性的差异,在此基础上,进一步探讨了大葱根系分泌物对黄瓜根际土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:与连作相比,大葱轮作提高了黄瓜根际土壤中细菌、放线菌的多样性及均匀度指数,降低了真菌的多样性与均匀度指数;大葱根系分泌物处理可提高黄瓜根际土壤中细菌和真菌的多样性和均匀度指数,但对放线菌的作用不明显;较高浓度的大葱根系分泌物可引起黄瓜根际土壤中部分细菌和真菌聚集。
关键词:大葱;轮作;根系分泌物;微生物多样性;PCR-DGGE
中图分类号:S154.3文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2014)07-0072-07
AbstractThe differences of microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil of cucumber in greenhouse were studied under welsh onion-cucumber rotation and continuous cucumber cropping modes. On this basis, the influences of welsh onion root exudates on soil microbial diversity were further discussed. The results showed that, compared with continuous cropping, welsh onion rotation increased the diversity and evenness indexes of bacteria and actinomyces and reduced those of fungi in cucumber rhizosphere soil. The welsh onion root exudates treatment could increase the diversity and evenness indexes of bacteria and fungi in cucumber rhizosphere soil, but the effect on actinomyces was not obvious. High levels of welsh onion root exudates could cause aggregation of some bacteria and fungi in cucumber rhizosphere soil.
Key wordsWelsh onion; Rotation; Root exudates; Microbial diversity; PCR-DGGE
连作障碍严重制约设施蔬菜高产高效与可持续发展。连作会引起土壤微生物结构变化,细菌和放线菌种类与数量减少,有害微生物种类与数量增加[1],根际微生物平衡遭到破坏,微生物种群多样性降低[2]。合理轮、间(套)作是减轻或克服土壤连作障碍的有效措施[3],能够增加细菌和放线菌等有益微生物的种类与数量,提高土壤微生物多样性,改善土壤生态环境,促进作物生长[2~4]。
土壤中微生物种类很多,但采用传统方法只能培养其中0.1%~10%的微生物[5],不能完全反映土壤中微生物群落的状况。PCR-DGGE作为一种现代分子生物学研究手段,能够较好地从DNA水平上反映微生物群落的变化及其多样性,弥补了传统微生物培养方法的缺陷[6]。
黄瓜是设施主栽蔬菜,对连作反应敏感[7]。……
