付美夫

摘要：以云烟87为供试品种，采用双因素裂区试验，研究了不同移栽期、覆盖方式对烤烟品质相关的外观质量、物理特性、化学成分、香气成分、感官质量和肥料利用率等指标的影响。结果表明：同一覆盖处理下，N、P肥料利用率随移栽期推迟呈现先增高后降低趋势；烟叶外观质量6项指标以移栽期5月1日、5月6日地膜覆盖处理表现较好；随移栽期推迟，烟叶长度、宽度、单叶重和叶质重有所增加，厚度、含梗率和平衡含水率有所降低；烟叶化学成分各项指标整体表现为移栽期5月6日、5月11日的稻草覆盖和地膜覆盖处理较为适宜；随移栽期推迟，烟叶美拉德反应产物、苯丙氨酸类和类胡萝卜素类总量呈现降低趋势，新植二烯含量有所增加，类西柏烷类降解产物无明显变化规律；感官质量总分随移栽期推迟呈现出先升高后降低趋势；5月6日为重庆烟区烟苗移栽的最佳时期，5月1日～5月11日为重庆烟区适宜移栽时期。

关键词：烤烟；移栽期；覆盖方式；品质；重庆

中图分类号：S572文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2014）07-0066-06

AbstractUsing Yunyan 87 as tested cultivar， the effects of different transplanting periods and mulching methods on appearance quality， physical properties， chemical component， aroma components， sensory quality and fertilizer use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco were studied by two-factor split plot experiment. The results showed that fertilizer use efficiency of N and P under the same mulching method increased at first and then decreased with the delay of transplanting period. The six indicators of leaf appearance quality performed better under plastic film mulching when transplanting on May 1 and May 6. With the delay of transplanting period， the leaf length and width， weight per leaf and leaf specific weight increased， while the leaf thickness， stem percentage and equilibrium moisture content decreased. The indicators of tobacco leaf chemical component were more appropriate under plastic film mulching and straw mulching when transplanting on May 6 and May 11. With the delay of transplanting period， the contents of Maillard reaction products， phenylalanine and carotenoids in tobacco leaves showed a decreasing tendency， the content of neophytadiene increased， and the content of degradation products of cembranoids had no obvious variation. The sensory quality increased at first and then decreased with the delay of transplanting period. The best transplanting time was May 6 and the suitable transplanting period was May 1～May 11 in Chongqing tobacco growing area.

Key wordsFlue-cured tobacco； Transplanting period； Mulching method； Quality； Chongqing

烤烟是一种产量和质量并重的作物，要在保证品质的基础上尽可能提高产量[1]。烤烟产质量形成的根本依赖于烟株的生长发育。烟株的正常生长发育，同其它作物一样需要适宜的气候以及适宜的种植密度和肥料供应等栽培措施。烟草专家认为，栽培生产技术要求烤烟生产农时合理、适时育苗移栽、合理施肥、适时采收、科学烘烤等[2～ 6]，其中移栽期及相应覆盖方式的选择是较为重要的内容。……