孔少元+姜军坡+周曙光+朱宝成+王世英

摘要:为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27制剂(以下简称Z-27菌剂)对断奶仔猪肠道中微生物菌群及消化酶活力、生长性能和腹泻率的影响,将供试仔猪分为试验组和对照组,试验组饲喂添加0.1% Z-27菌剂的T2饲料,对照组饲喂T2饲料;采集粪便并使用鉴别培养基进行培养和菌落计数;测定仔猪粪便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶等消化酶活力;记录并计算各组仔猪的平均日增重、料重比及腹泻率。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌(E. coli)数量降低了37.6%,乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)、芽孢杆菌数量分别增加了45.7%、47.4%、40.1%;试验组粪便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶的平均酶活力分别增加了62.99%、34.56%、66.57%和133.10%;平均日增重增加了9.37%,料重比降低了4.94%,腹泻率下降83.22%。表明枯草芽孢杆菌Z-27制剂能够抑制大肠杆菌等肠道病原菌,促进乳酸菌等有益菌的生长,维护仔猪肠道微生态平衡,有效预防仔猪腹泻,同时产生多种外源消化酶,有利于提高饲料转化率,提高仔猪生长性能。

关键词:枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27制剂;断奶仔猪;肠道菌群;消化酶;腹泻

中图分类号:S828.5;S816.79文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2014)11-2598-04

Application of Bacillus subtilis Z-27 Preparation on Feeding Post-weaning Piglets

KONG Shao-yuan1,JIANG Jun-po1,ZHOU shu-guang2,ZHU Bao-cheng1,WANG Shi-ying1

(1.College of Life Science, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;

2. Animal Husbandry of Baoding, Baoding 071000, Hebei,China)

Abstract: The effects of Bacillus subtilis Z-27 preparation on microflora and digestive enzymes in piglets intestinal, growth performance and diarrhea rate were studied through the comparative test of two groups fed adding with 0.1% Z-27 preparation in T2 feed and only T2 feed separately. Colonies in piglets fecal samples were cultured and counted with differential medium. Digestive enzymes activities such as protease, α-amylase, lipase and cellulase in piglets fecal samples and the average daily gain, feed/gain ratio and diarrhea rate were measured and recorded. The results showed that compared with the control group the E. coli in fecal samples of the test group was decreased by 37.6%, while Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus was increased by 45.7%, 47.4% and 40.1%, respectively. Protease, α-amylase, lipase activity and cellulase in fecal samples of the test group was increased by an average of 62.99%, 34.56%, 66.57% and 133.10%, respectively. Average daily gain of piglets was increased 9.37% while feed/gain ratio and diarrhea was decreased 4.94% and 83.22%, respectively. It is indicated that Bacillus subtilis Z-27 preparation could inhibit E. coli and promote the growth of beneficial bacterium, which was in favor of maintaining microecological balance and effectively preventing diarrhea. The exogenous digestive enzymes produced by Z-27 preparation could enhance feed efficiency and improve the performance of post-weaning piglet.

Key words:Bacillus subtilis Z-27 prepration; post-weaning piglets; intestinal microfllora; digestive enzymes; diarrhea

基金项目:国家星火计划项目(2010GA105010);河北省石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(08150142A)

断奶后仔猪肠道细菌区系变化迅速,如果大肠杆菌(E. coli)过度繁殖成为肠道中优势菌就会引起仔猪腹泻的发生[1]。仔猪肠道中存在的有益菌能够抑制致病菌在肠道内的繁殖,是机体免疫系统不可缺少的重要组分[2,3]。断奶仔猪处在快速生长发育时期,其消化机能还末发育完全,芽孢杆菌((Bacillus)型微生态制剂可在仔猪肠道中产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶等多种消化酶[4,5],增强仔猪消化机能。研究芽孢杆菌型微生态制剂对仔猪粪样菌群、消化酶活力的影响,有助于其益生机理的阐明。Zani等[6]使用蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)饲喂仔猪,试验组仔猪腹泻率降低50%,达到相同体重时试验组的摄食量比对照组减少10%。Taras等[7]将芽孢杆菌添加到猪饲料中,发现可以防治腹泻病、提高消化性能。邝哲师等[8]使用枯草芽孢杆菌饲喂断奶仔猪,饲喂2周后,试验组的胃蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶、回肠内蛋白酶和淀粉酶均有提高,与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05)。尹清强等[9]在哺乳仔猪的教槽料和断奶仔猪的保育料中加入含有枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酪杆菌的微生态制剂,可维持仔猪胃肠道微生物区系的稳定,使仔猪的腹泻率和死亡率明显降低(P<0.05),并能提高胃中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力。