孙庆田等

摘要：选树龄、树势、品种一致的甜樱桃树。对流胶病株人工刮除病斑，分别喷真菌性杀菌剂、细菌性杀菌剂和不喷药3种处理，同时对伤口采取密封式、透气式包扎和不包扎3种方式，对健株机械造伤并采取同样方式处理。结果表明，对健株机械损伤只造成少量植株伤口流胶，而且胶质很快便会干燥、止住，伤口自动愈合。对已流胶病株刮除病斑造成的伤口，易流胶而且不易止住，伤口愈合不好。在不同处理方式中，对伤口喷洒新灵和农用链霉素效果均不明显，透气性包扎效果较好，密封式包扎会增加流胶树伤口的流胶比例和流胶量，妨碍伤口愈合。

关键词：甜樱桃；流胶；机械外伤；包扎；杀菌剂

中图分类号：S482.2 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2014）03-0100-03

AbstractThe sweet cherry trees of the same cultivar with the same age and vigor were selected for the experiment. After artificially shaving the disease spots， the gummosis trees were sprayed with fungal and bacterial germicides using no chemical treatment as the contrast. At the same time， three banding methods，airtight banding， ventilate banding， and no banding，were also tested.The healthy trees were injured artificially and made the same treatments as above.The results showed that for the healthy trees， the gummosis induced by mechanical injury was lower； the gum was easy to dry and solidify， and the wound cicatrized soon. But for the gummosis trees， the wound was easy to gumming， and difficult to concrescence after treatments. Spraying fungal and bacterial germicides had no obvious influences on gummosis. The effect of ventilate banding on gummosis was the best； the airtight banding aggravated the incidence of gummosis， increased the gum quantity and interfered the wound healing.

Key wordsSweet cherry； Gummosis； Mechanical injury； Banding； Germicide

外伤是樱桃正常生产管理中不可避免的，通常被认为是樱桃流胶的主要原因之一。樱桃流胶的原因有细菌、真菌、生理三种说法[1～4]，防治方法有喷药、包扎、施肥等[5～8]。其中喷药结合包扎通常被作为最基本的防治手段，但其防治效果不一致[9～14]。本试验选健康树和流胶树分别探讨喷杀菌剂和包扎对甜樱桃伤口流胶的影响，为有效防治甜樱桃流胶病提供参考。

1材料与方法

1.1试验材料

供试果园位于烟台市农业科学研究院西区试验园，树龄8年，株行距为3 m×5 m。砧木为‘大青叶。接穗品种为‘美早、‘萨米脱。新灵由招远三联化工集团公司生产，由进口代森锰锌与多菌灵复配而成，是常规性高效真菌杀菌剂。农用链霉素由上海沪联生物药业（夏邑）有限公司生产，是常规性细菌杀菌剂。……