李红娟

摘要：为寻找我国农村土地地权资本化法律制度困境的出路，结合法学与交易成本理论对我国农村土地制度和法律环境存在的问题进行研究分析。研究认为：制度条件对产权和交易的约束更为关键，国家、集体和农民三者所共同形成的权利主体关系和产权结构准确定位以及土地增值收益权和分配机制的保障是关键点；土地产权结构应当选择一个交易成本最小化的法律结构，通过构建分层式复合产权结构、制度化农村土地承包权期限和范围、法律化农村土地资本化权利主体持续受益机制、明确利害关系人各方权利义务范围等优化产权结构。权属完全赋予单一主体是消除当前农村土地权利冲突较为经济的方式。

关键词：土地资本化；土地权利；法律经济学；交易成本

中图分类号：F301.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2014）03-0140-04

AbstractIn order to resolve the legal system dilemma of rural land right capitalization in China， the problems in rural land institutions and law environments were analyzed by law and transaction cost theories. The results showed that the restraint of institution conditions on property rights and transaction was more crucial. The exact positioning of right subject relationship and property right structure formed by state， collective and farmers， and the guarantee of land increment and usufruct and distribution mechanism were key points. The land property right structure should select one legal structure with minimum transaction cost. And optimize the property right structure through establishing layered and complex property right structure， institutionalizing the deadline and range of rural land contract right， legalizing the continue benefit mechanism of right subject of rural land right capitalization， and defining the rights and obligations of interested parties. Giving rights to single subject was an economic way to eliminate the conflicts in current rural land rights.

Key wordsLand capitalization； Land right； Law and economics； Transaction cost

农村土地所具有的资本价值属性是市场经济中其他物品无可比拟的，其所承载的权利冲突亦是众权益博弈之是非集中之地。当前在我国，一方面是可利用的土地资源捉襟见肘，另一方面却是粗放式挥霍浪费的土地开发。如何实现土地的合理使用和优化配置以及让农民真正享受土地增值收益是实现农村可持续发展的重要目标。农村土地地权资本化（现阶段应称之为农地使用权资本化）是我国农村土地权利冲突化解进程中的必由之路，农村土地制度和法律环境是地权资本化和各项权利的根本保障之一，地权保护是进一步实现农业现代化的根本要求之一。……