米庆华等

摘要：以大蒜为试材，研究了4种不同降解地膜的物理性能和降解特性，并测定了蒜头产量和生物产量。结果表明，4种生物降解地膜物理性能和降解期存在显著差异，这些差异对大蒜的生物产量和蒜头产量有显著影响。SND1、SND2两种地膜降解速度较快，降解期不能满足大蒜的需要，大蒜产量比对照低。SND3尽管在大蒜收获前未出现明显降解，但透光率较低、雾度较高，其产量比对照显著降低；SND4在大蒜收获前未出现明显降解，且透光率和雾度与对照接近，产量略高于对照，表明选择功能期满足需要、透光率和雾度适宜的降解地膜，可以实现降解与功能的同步，不仅利于增产，而且可通过降解减少对环境的不良影响。

关键词：生物降解地膜；物理性能；降解特性；大蒜；产量

中图分类号：S633.405 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2014）03-0069-03

Effects of Different Biodegradable Plastic Films on Garlic Yield

Zhang Shumin1， Feng Yupeng1， Mi Qinghua2， Ning Tangyuan1*， Xu Jing3

AbstractUsing garlic as material， the physical and degradation characteristics of 4 kinds of biodegradable plastic films were studied. And the yield and biomass of garlic were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physical and degradation characteristics of 4 kinds of biodegradable plastic films， which affected the garlic yield and biomass significantly. The degradation of SND1 and SND2 were faster， which couldnt meet the need of garlic， and the garlic yield and biomass were lower than those of control. Although SND3 had no visible degradation before harvest， the garlic yield and biomass were significantly lower than those of control mainly because of the lower light transmittance and higher haze. With no visible degradation before harvest and approximate light transmittance and haze with control， the yield and biomass of SND4 were slightly higher than those of control. In conclusion， the biodegradation film with suitable physical and degradation characteristics， which could achieve degradation and function synchronously， could not only increase the garlic yield， but also decrease the bad effects on environment.

Key wordsBiodegradable plastic film； Physical characteristic； Degradation characteristic； Garlic； Yield

山东是中国大蒜的主产地区，已经形成了产品有特色、质量有保证的产业化运作局面[1]。地膜覆盖栽培能够增高地温、提高土壤相对湿度，有利于提高大蒜产量[2～4]。地膜覆盖种植大蒜的根、茎、叶均明显优于露地种植，蒜薹产量比露地栽培高35%，干蒜头产量比露地栽培高30%[4]。生产上使用的地膜主要是无色透明的非标准的聚乙烯地膜（厚度低于国家标准0.008 mm），很难回收，常年使用尽管提高了产量，但也造成了大量地膜残留，严重污染土壤及环境[5，6]。为了减少地膜使用带来的环境污染，生物降解地膜越来越受到重视。合适的生物降解地膜不仅对环境友好，而且可适度增产，应用前景广阔[7～9]。……