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高渗盐水治疗急性期大面积脑梗死的临床观察

2014-08-20黄德等

中国医学创新 2014年17期
关键词:甘露醇

黄德等

【摘要】 目的:探讨高渗盐水治疗急性期大面积脑梗死脑水肿的临床疗效。方法:选取本院神经内科收治的急性期大面积脑梗死脑水肿患者46例,所有患者均经头颅CT或MRI检查确诊。按随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组各23例。观察组(高渗盐水组)使用3%高渗盐水进行脱水治疗,对照组(甘露醇组)使用20%甘露醇进行脱水治疗,比较两组患者治疗前和治疗后神经功能缺损程度(MESSS评分)以及血钠、血钾、血肌酐、血浆渗透压的改变。结果:两组治疗后第3天和第5天后神经功能缺损程度均较前减轻(P<0.01),观察组第5天较对照组减轻更加明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗5 d后血钠、血钾、血肌酐、血浆渗透压均未出现明显异常改变(P>0.05),对照组治疗5 d后出现血钾偏低4例,血肌酐升高伴少尿(急性肾功能不全)1例。结论:3%高渗盐水治疗急性期大面积脑梗死脑水肿疗效确切,不良反应少,值得临床进一步研究和推广应用。

【关键词】 高渗盐水; 甘露醇; 脑梗死; 脑水肿

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of hypertonic saline in treatment of acute massive cerebral infarction.Method:46 patients with acute massive cerebral infarction treated in the neurology department of our hospital were selected, all patients were diagnosed by CT or MRI, and the 46 patients were randomly divided into two groups, 23 in each group, the observation group (hypertonic saline group) using 3% hypertonic saline for dehydration treatment, the control group (mannitol group) with 20% mannitol dehydration treatment, the degree of neurological impairment(MESSS score )and the change of the blood sodium, potassium, creatinine , plasma osmolality was observed in both groups of patients before treatment and after treatment. Result:Three and five days after treatment, the degree of neurological impairment (MESSS score) in both groups of patients were reduced(P<0.01), the observation group was significantly more reduced than the control group after five days, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); five days after treatment, the blood sodium,potassium, serum creatinine, plasma osmolality of the observation group were no obvious abnormalities (P>0.05),while in the control group, four cases appear low potassium, one case of elevated serum creatinine with oliguria (acute renal failure). Conclusion:The efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline in treatment of acute massive cerebral infarction cerebral edema is significant, fewer side effects, worthy of further clinical research and application.

【Key words】 Hypertonic saline; Mannitol; Cerebral infarction; Cerebral edema

大面积脑梗死是一种临床常见的重症脑血管意外疾病,约占脑梗死的10%[1]。其常见的病因或诱因有脑动脉粥样硬化、风湿性心脏病、冠心病、高血压病、糖尿病、感染、肿瘤等,患者于大面积脑梗死后可发生严重的脑水肿,可继发脑疝,并伴有明显的中枢神经功能障碍,具有较高的致死率和致残率。患者通常于脑梗死发病后48 h~5 d出现脑水肿的高峰期,期间是否能够积极地对患者进行有效的脱水治疗是能否减轻脑功能损害和改善其预后的关键[2]。目前,临床上最常用的脱水药物有甘露醇、呋塞米、甘油果糖、白蛋白等,对脑水肿都有一定的治疗效果,但是长期应用该类药(如甘露醇)往往出现明显的不良反应,如电解质紊乱、肾功能损害等。……

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