APP下载

柱花草炭疽病流行因子初探

2014-08-11易克贤等

热带农业科学 2014年2期

易克贤等

摘 要 通过连续两年对6个不同柱花草品种炭疽病的田间发病流行情况进行定位观察,并将炭疽病病情与大气温度、湿度和雨量之间进行相关分析。结果表明:柱花草炭疽病病情严重度与空气相对湿度成显著的正相关(r=0.440 37,Pr=0.045 7),与温度成负相关(r=-0.492 63,Pr=0.023 3),而与雨量相关性不明显。一年中病害的发生和流行有两个高峰,主峰出现在8~9月份,次峰出现在1月份左右。发病高峰一般出现在降水量高峰之后,二者间存在约一个月的时间差。

关键词 柱花草 ;炭疽病 ;流行因子

分类号 S541+.9

Preliminary Study of Epidemic Factors of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Stylo

YI Kexian1,2) ZHENG Jinlong1) XI jingen1) HE chunping1) GAO Jianming2)

ZHANG Shiqing2) CHEN Helong2) LIU Qiaolian2)

(1 Environment and Plant Protection Institute / Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, CATAS, Haikou, Hainan 571101

2 Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology / Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, Hainan 571101)

Abstract Through two years in a row of six different varieties of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from stylo prevalence in the field of positioning observation, and anthracnose disease and the correlation analysis between atmospheric temperature, humidity and rainfall. The results show that anthracnose disease severity makers significant positive correlation with the relative humidity of air (r=0.440 37, Pr=0.440 37),Negative correlation with temperature (r=0.49263, Pr=0.0233), while no obvious correlation between rainfall. There were two peaks of disease incidence in a year. The main peak was in August and September, the other in January which followed the rainfall. There is about a month's time difference between them

Keywords stylo ; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ; epidemic factor

柱花草(Stylosanthes spp.)别名热带苜蓿、斯大罗、笔花豆等,是热带、亚热带地区的优质牧草,具有很大的发展潜力[1]。柱花草属包括44个种和亚种,它们天然分布在中南美洲、热带北美洲、非洲及东南亚印度[2]。我国于1961年首次将疏毛柱花草(Stylosanthes gracilis Kunth.)作为幼龄橡胶园等种植园的绿肥覆盖材料成功引入,并迅速成为华南各省区,包括广东、海南、广西、福建以及云南南部地区最重要的牧草品种[3]。

然而从20世纪 70 年代以来,柱花草炭疽病(Stylo anthracnose)成为危害柱花草生产和推广的主要病害,柱花草产量受到严重影响。炭疽病主要由半知菌类,炭疽菌属的胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起[4],可造成牧草叶片变黄、坏死脱落,茎、叶柄和顶芽枯萎,花序败落不结籽,严重时使幼苗和整个成株死亡,牧草产量和种子产量锐减,甚至绝收。许多研究表明,大气湿度和温度是造成该病流行的决定因素[5-6],但国内尚未见关于炭疽病病情与大气温度、湿度和雨量之间的关系的详细报道。……

登录APP查看全文