香草兰豆荚不同干燥方法的比较研究
2014-08-07谷风林董智哲潘思轶徐飞王庆煌赵建平
谷风林+董智哲+潘思轶+徐飞+王庆煌+赵建平
摘要对热风干燥和冷冻干燥处理香草兰样品的干燥效果进行比较,结果表明热风干燥的干燥速率随温度的增加而增加,冷冻干燥的干燥速率介于40和50℃热风干燥的速率之间。电子鼻分析结果表明,与40、50和60℃热风干燥相比,相同干燥时间条件下,冷冻干燥能更好的保留香草兰原有风味,同时冷冻干燥处理的香草兰样品具有更强的香气强度。
关键词香草兰 ;冷冻干燥 ;热风干燥 ;水分含量 ;香气
分类号S573+.9 ;TQ651
Comparison of Drying Techniques for Vanilla Bean
GU Fenglin1,3)DONG Zhizhe2)PAN Siyi2)
XU Fei1,3)WANG Qinghuang1,3)ZHAO Jianping3)
(1 Spice and Beverage Research Institute, CATAS, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
3 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice
and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China)
AbstractDesiccative effects of hot-air drying and vacuum freeze-drying for vanilla were compared in this research. The results showed that drying rate of hot-air drying increased with the increasing drying temperature, and the rate of vacuum freeze-drying is between the rates of hot-air drying at 40℃and 50℃. E-nose analysis revealed that, compared with hot-air drying at 40℃, 50℃and 60℃, the drying vanilla treated by vacuum freeze-drying at the same drying time can retain its original flavor and give higher odor intensity.
Keywordsvanilla ; vacuum freeze-drying ; hot-air drying ; moisture content ; odor
香草兰(Vanilla planifolia Andrews)属兰科(Orchidaceae)香草兰属(Vanilla),因其独特的香气而被认为是最具有经济价值的兰科植物[1],素有“食品香料之王”的美誉。香草兰原产于墨西哥,目前种植地区主要分布在南北纬27°以内、海拔700 m以下的热带和亚热带地区[2]。对香草兰的开发应用已有四百多年历史,它已作为一种高级香料广泛用于饮料、冰激凌、糖果、巧克力、奶制品、香烟等食品工业,也用于化妆行业,如香水制造[1,3-4]。
目前,对香草兰的研究主要集中在香草兰发酵生香机理及工艺、香气成分、生物活性功能等方面[5-12],而对香草兰成品豆荚的干燥工艺研究较少。虽然在香草兰生香过程中会通过日晒或其它方式对香草兰进行干燥,但成品豆荚中仍有20%以上的水分,有些产地的豆荚如汤加地区豆荚中水分含量甚至接近40%。对某些要求水分含量较低的食品而言,香草兰成品豆荚作为一种香味添加剂,其水分含量仍然较高,因此为满足生产的需要,有必要对香草兰成品豆荚做进一步的干燥研究。……
