北京城市功能区演变与优化调控
2014-07-09王卫华王开泳
王卫华 王开泳

摘 要:伴随着城市化进程的不断加快,北京市的城市空间结构发生着剧烈变化,功能区布局也发生着急剧的变革。北京向现代化、国际化大都市迈进的过程,也是城市空间结构和功能区结构不断演化和优化调整的过程。新中国建立以来,北京市功能区演化模式一直以同心圆模式为主,到了1990年以后,伴随着CBD、金融街、中关村科技园区、亚奥板块以及经济开发区建设,北京市的各项功能不断向外围地域扩展,目前形成了“一个传统中心区、4个副中心、2个产业带”构成的多中心的地域结构演化模式。着眼于建设世界城市的目标,从功能分区和空间布局的角度探讨北京城市功能区的发展演化过程中存在的主要问题,并从功能区空间重组、交通体系完善、新城建设与政策引导等方面有针对性地提出了相应的空间调控和优化对策。
关键词:世界城市;城市功能区;演化模式;北京
Abstract:With the rapid urbanization, great changes of urban spatial structure have taken place in Beijing, and its functional areas layout also underwent dramatic changes. The process of modernization and internationalization in Beijing is also the process of evolution and optimization of urban spatial structure and function structure. Evolution of functional areas has been dominated by a concentric circle model in Beijing since the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China. With the construction of CBD, Financial Street, Zhongguancun science and Technology Park, the Olympic Park as well as economic development zone after 1990, the functional areas in Beijing expanded to the periphery region constantly, which have formed multi-center regional structure with a traditional center, 4 vice center, 2 industrial zones. Focusing on building the world city goal, main problems of evolution process of city function areas in Beijing have been discussed from the viewpoint of functional areas and spatial layout. Finally, some corresponding countermeasures have put forward from the viewpoint of functional areas restructuring, traffic system, urban construction and the policy guidance, which can optimize the spatial regulation.
Key words:world city;urban functional areas;evolution model;Beijing
中图分类号:F29 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1674-4144(2014)-06-32(6)
1 城市功能区演变的理论探讨
1.1 城市功能区的概念和特点
城市的不同空间承担着不同的功能,相似的功能一般在空间呈现集聚特征。城市功能区是能实现相关社会资源空间聚集、有效发挥某种特定城市功能的地域空间,是城市有机体的一部分[1]。城市功能区是实现城市经济社会各类智能的重要空间载体,集中反映了城市的特性,是现代城市发展的一种形式。一般而言,城市功能区具有四个特点:(1)专业功能突出,(2)具有较强的辐射带动功能,(3)各类生产要素的高度集聚,(4)具有区内相似性与区际异质性。……
