刘中起

摘 要：近年来，大量外来人员进入上海，一方面延缓了上海老龄化进程，推动了上海城市建设和经济发展；同时，外来人员持续快速涌入也使得上海公共资源投入始终满足不了人口迅速膨胀的需求。特别是来沪人员聚集区域，公共服务资源紧张、城市管理压力巨大、社会治安形势严峻以及群体性矛盾风险积聚等问题日益突出，成为影响上海社会稳定和谐的重要隐患。面对特大城市外来人口服务与管理压力，如何调整工作思路、转变体制机制、应对“新二元结构”带来的突出矛盾与问题，已成为上海转型时期社会建设与社会管理创新的重要议题。

关键词：上海；外来人口；权利与保障；服务与管理

Abstract：In the recent years， a large number of floating population entered Shanghai. On the one hand， this delays the aging process of Shanghai， promotes the urban building and economic development of the city； on the other hand， persistent and rapid floating population inflow also make the public resource input of Shanghai always lagged behind the needs of the population which is increasing very fast. Especially， at the places where people came to Shanghai accumulate， problems such as public service resource shortage， huge urban management pressure， stringent social security conditions and accumulation of group conflicts are outstanding， which become important factors causing negative impact on the social stability and harmony of Shanghai. Facing the pressure of serving and managing floating population， how Shanghai adjusts the thinking of work， transforms the system and mechanisms and tackles the conflicts and problems caused by the “new dual structure” have become important subjects in the social building and social administration innovation of Shanghai in the transformation period.

Key words：Shanghai；floating population；rights and guarantee；service and management

中图分类号：C912 文献标识码：A

文章编号：1674-4144（2014）-06-14（6）

1 上海流动人口管理现状调查

截至2012年6月，上海市实有人口已达到2433.4万，比2000年增长了45%；其中来沪人口已达到982.3万，比2000年增长了183%。[1]大量来沪人员进入上海，一方面直接缓解了上海劳动力结构性短缺问题，延缓了上海老龄化进程，推动了上海城市建设和经济发展；另一方面，来沪人员的持续快速涌入也使得上海公共资源的投入始终跟不上人口迅速膨胀的需求。来沪人员聚集区域，公共服务资源紧张、城市管理压力加大、社会治安形势严峻以及群体性矛盾风险积聚等问题日益突出，成为影响上海社会稳定和谐的重要隐患。如何加强新形势下上海外来人口的服务与管理，应对“新二元结构”带来的突出矛盾与问题已迫在眉睫。……