基于博弈论的建设工程项目承包商与监理合谋问题研究
2014-06-13李玲石磊
李玲+石磊
摘要: 运用多期完全信息动态博弈模型分析建设工程项目中承包商和监理之间的合谋条件及其对承包商道德风险行为的影响。承包商和监理事后合谋可以使承包商不需承担其事前道德风险行为引起的返工成本,从而引发承包商事前的道德风险行为。在此基础上分析监理有限责任对罚款政策有效性的影响,并研究监理资质管理对抑制监理和承包商合谋乃至承包商道德风险的作用机制。
Abstract: This paper analyzes the collusion between the contractor and supervision engineer whereby the focus is on the contractor's moral hazard by using a multi-period complete information game. The collusion between the contractor and the supervision engineer makes the contractor to avoid bearing an additional cost arising from his ex-ante behavior, which triggers the contractor's moral hazard. Penalty policy introduced to penalize the supervision engineer who colludes with contractor may be no valid if the supervision engineer is protected by limited liability. This paper finally analyzes the mechanism that the qualification management for supervision engineer deterring the collusion and moral hazard in construction project.
关键词: 工程项目;道德风险;合谋;罚款;资质管理
Key words: construction project;moral hazard;collusion;penalty;qualification management
中图分类号:TU71 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2014)16-0009-04
0 引言
近年来,由承包商道德风险行为引发的工程项目质量问题层出不穷,引起了众多学者的关注,并对如何通过激励机制解决业主和承包商之间的信息不对称问题进行了研究[1]-[2]。但在工程项目中通常由监理作为业主的代理负责监督工程的施工质量,因此监理和承包商之间是否形成有效地监督和被监督关系尤为重要[3]-[4]。然而监理制度的不完善仍可能引起项目的质量问题,即项目出现问题时,监理可能利用自身信息优势选择不向业主汇报而与承包商合谋谋求私利。虽然已有学者分析了建筑行业氛围[5]、监理报酬[6]-[7]以及监督罚款[8]-[10]对抑制监理和承包商之间合谋的作用机制,但忽略了合谋对承包商的道德风险的影响。本文运用多期动态博弈模型分析承包商与监理合谋引发承包商道德风险行为的内在机制,指出承包商和监理事后合谋可以使承包商不需承担其事前道德风险行为引起的返工成本,从而引发承包商的道德风险行为。……
