烟台地区的大风预报研究
2014-04-29王娜
王娜
摘要
通过对烟台地区的地形和海陆分布特点,主要从天气学的角度统计和分析了该地区2001~2009年大风发生的范围以及不同范围大风的日数年代、季节变化规律,并利用现有的MICAPS资料对烟台地区的大风环流型进行了分析,同时就目前该地区大风的预报方法进行了概述。结果表明,烟台地区大风天气中以个别大风为主,其中大风天气主要发生在3~5月;10年内,大风的年际变化趋势基本是按照曲线递增达到峰值后又开始递减的趋势,期间出现了2002和2007年2个峰值,并有1个谷值;在对烟台地区进行大风预报时,选取了网格点中与烟台站关联的平均分布的5个站点(烟台、福山、海阳、龙口、长岛)进行预报研究,通过参考文献以及烟台等站点的经验预报,选取8个预报因子作为备用预报因子,利用逐步回归程序建立了5个站的预报方程并对最后的结果进行了回报检验,虽然取得了一定的预报效果,但预报精度比较低,不是特别的理想。
关键词 大风;年际变化;环流型;预报方法;烟台地区
中图分类号 S161 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)27-09455-04
Study on Strong Wind Prediction in Yantai
WANG Na
(Haixi Prefecture Meteorological Station, Haixi, Qinghai 817000)
Abstract According to the topography and land sea distribution characteristics of Yantai, from the perspective of weather, strong wind occurrence range during 2001-2009, days, seasonal variation law were analyzed. Using MICAPS data, strong wind circulation pattern in Yantai area was studied. The forecasting methods were reviewed. The results showed that, strong wind mainly occurred during March—May; Within 10 years, the annual variation trend of strong wind was first increasing then decreasing, there were 2 peaks in 2002 and 2007, and 1 valley; 5 stations(Yantai, Fushan, Haiyang, Longkou, Changdao) were selected to forecast. Selecting 8 forecasting factors as reserve factors, using stepwise regression procedure, the forecasting equation of 5 stations was established and the results were tested. A certain effect was obtained, but the prediction accuracy was relatively low.
Key words Strong wind; Annual variation; Circulation pattern; Prediction method; Yantai area
大风是烟台地区常见的灾害性天气,它给建设尤其是航运、海上捕捞、水产养殖、石油开发以及人民生命财产安全造成巨大的威胁与损失[1-2]。烟台位于119°34′~121°57′ E、36°16′~38°23′ N,东连威海,北濒渤海、黄海,地形低山丘陵为主,年平均风速内陆地区3~4 m/s,沿海地区4~6 m/s,属温带季风气候。该地区陆上大风灾害多由强对流天气造成,海面大风经常会造成灾难性的事故。仅1999~2009年烟台地区所辖海域发生的海难事故就高达151起,在海难事故死亡人数中,气象原因占63%。……
