大方县玉米超高产合理群体结构研究
2014-04-29毛国军杨开琼
毛国军 杨开琼
摘要 [目的]探索大方县玉米(Zea mays L.)不同群体结构的主要质量指标与产量的关系,从中找出与该品种类型相适应的超高产的合理群体结构。[方法]采用二裂式裂区设计,研究不同生态条件下不同玉米品种(耐密植紧凑型玉米品种临奥9号、披散型玉米品种宣黄单2号、平展型玉米品种荷玉1号)、不同密度群体结构(种植密度分别为4.20万、4.95万、5.70万、6.45万、7.20万株/hm2)主要质量指标与产量的关系。[结果]耐密植紧凑型玉米临奥9号种植密度6.30万~6.75万株/hm2,披散型玉米宣黄单2号种植密度5.70万~6.00万株/hm2,平展型玉米荷玉1号种植密度4.95万~5.25万株/hm2的群体结构较为合理,其叶面积系数、干物质积累量、每穗粒数、千粒重等重要质量指标比较理想,产量也高。[结论]该研究可为指导大方县玉米高产规范化栽培提供理论依据。
关键词 玉米;群体结构;质量指标
中图分类号 S518 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)27-09291-03
Study of Suitable Maize(Zea mays L.) Population Structures with Super High Yield in Dafeng County
MAO Guojun1, YANG Kaiqiong2
(1. Dafeng Agroanimal Bureau, Dafeng, Guizhuo 551600; 2. Dafeng Soilwater Conservation Office, Dafeng, Guizhuo 551600)
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between the main quality indices of different maize population structures and their yield in Dafeng County, and then find out the suitable and corresponding population structures with super high yield. [Method] Them ainminor split plot design was used to research the relationship between the main quality and yield of different maize varieties(resistance to close density and leafupright variety Linao No. 9, loose type maize variety Huangdan No. 2, flat type maize variety Heyu No. 1, respectively) under different density population structures(planting density was 4.20×104, 4.95×104, 5.70×104, 6.45×104, 7.20×104plants/hm2, respectively) and different ecological conditions. [Result] When the planting density of Linao No. 9 was 6.30×104-6.75×104plants/hm2, Huangdan No. 2 was 5.70×104-6.00×104plants/hm2, Heyu No. 1 was 4.90×104-5.25×104plants/hm2, their population structures were more suitable, and their leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, grain number per panicle and 1 000kernel weight were reasonable, and their yield was high. [Conclusion] The study provides a theoretical basis for guiding maize high yield and largescale cultivation of Dafeng County.
Key words Maize; Population structure; Quality index
玉米是大方县的主要粮食作物,常年种植面积3.4万hm2左右,平均单产不高,究其原因主要是品种不好和种植密度不够[1-6]。针对这些问题,笔者安排了不同类型玉米品种不同群体结构试验,探索玉米不同群体结构的主要质量指标与产量的关系,从中找出与该品种类型相适应的超高产的合理群体结构,为指导大方县玉米高产规范化栽培技术提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计 试验采用二裂式裂区设计,主区为玉米品种(A),设3个处理,分别为耐密植紧凑型玉米品种临奥9号(A1)、披散型玉米品种宣黄单2号(A2)、平展型玉米品种荷玉1号(A3);……
