杨武广 季陆鹰 葛胜 朱伟 郭静

摘要

[目的]明确邗江区有利于实现直播稻高产稳产的播种时期和适宜基本苗数。[方法]采取对典型水稻田块调查和试验相结合的方法，比较直播稻不同播种时期、不同基本苗数对直播稻生育进程、植株与穗部性状、群体指标、产量及其构成因素的影响。播期试验水稻品种选用南粳44和扬粳4038，基本苗分别为112.5万和135.0万株/hm²，播期分别为6月1、7、13日。基本苗试验品种选用南粳44，基本苗分别为82.5万、94.5万、112.5万、136.5万和157.5万株/hm²。[结果]麦收后及早播种有利于延长生育期，增加水稻生长量，改善水稻产量构成因素，提高穗粒数、结实率和千粒重，最终实现较高的产量。直播稻基本苗在112.5万株/hm²左右、单株成穗3.0～3.5个时，产量构成因素间协调与平衡，可实现高产稳产。[结论]该研究可为集成适宜邗江地区的水稻直播规范化栽培技术提供理论依据。

关键词 直播稻；品种；播期；基本苗；产量及其构成因素

中图分类号 S511 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）27-09314-03

Effects of Different Sowing Date and Basic Seedling Number on Group Status and Yield of Directsowing Rice

YANG Wuguang， JI Luying， GE Sheng et al

（Hanjiang Area Crop Technology Extension Center， Yangzhou， Jiangsu 225009）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to confirm on the suitable sowing time and the basic seedling number which was favor of realizing high and stable yield of directsowing rice in Hanjiang Area. [Method] The methods of combining investigating the typical rice field with the experiment was used to compare the effects of different sowing time and the basic seedling number on growth process， plants and panicle traits， group indices， yield and its components of directsowing rice. In sowing time experiment， the rice varieties were Nanjing 44 and Yangjiang 4038， the corresponding basic seedling number was 112.5×10⁴and 135.0×10⁴plants/hm²， the sowing time was June 1， 7 and 13， resp.. In the basic seedling number experiment， the rice variety was Nanjing 44， the basic seedling number was 82.5×10， 94.5×10⁴， 112.5×10⁴， 136.5×10⁴， 1575×10⁴plants/hm²， resp.. [Result] Sowing early after wheat harvesting was favor of delaying the growth period， increased rice growth mass， improved rice yield components， boosted kernels per spike， setting rate and 1000kernel weight， finally realized the higher yield. When the basis seedling number was about 112.5×10⁴plants/hm²and the spike per plant was 3.03.5， the yield components were coordination and balance， realized the high and stable yield. [Conclusion] The study provides a theoretical basis for integrating the suitable standardized cultivation techniques of directsowing rice in Hanjiang Area.

Key words Directsowing rice； Variety； Sowing time； Basic seedling number； Yield and its components

水稻直播技术是将稻种直接撒播在田间生长、省去育秧和栽插等环节的一种轻型稻作方式，具有节约成本、操作简单、劳动强度小的优点^[1]，因此直播稻应用不推自广。2013年扬州市直播稻应用面积达到5.45万hm²，邗江区直播稻面积也有0.21万hm²。但由于直播稻不是一项高产、稳产、优质的稻作方式，若技术不到位，栽培措施不当，将存在较大风险。为正确指导基层农技干部和农民，提高直播稻水稻生产水平，实现直播稻高产稳产，因此在重点镇选择典型田块进行调查，并开展相关试验研究，明确不同播期、基本苗对直播稻群体及产量的影响。……