广东铁皮石斛产业发展现状及对策
2014-04-29钟均宏林秀莲杨自轩周颖军
钟均宏 林秀莲 杨自轩 周颖军
摘 要:分析了铁皮石斛产业具有科技含量高、投入多、风险大、回报丰厚等特点,在调研的基础上阐述了广东铁皮石斛产业发展现状,并基于“钻石理论”,从生产要素、需求条件等方面分析广东铁皮石斛产业,在此基础上提出了发展铁皮石斛产业的建议与对策。
关键词:铁皮石斛;产业分析;发展现状
中图分类号:S667.2 文献标志码:B 论文编号:2014-0178
The Development Situation and Counter-measures on Dendrobium candidum Industry in Guangdong
Zhong Junhong, Lin Xiulian, Yang Zixuan, Zhou Yingjun
(Huizhou Agricultural School, Huizhou 516023, Guangdong, China)
Abstract: This paper analyzed the characteristics of Dendrobium candidum industry, which was with high technology content, high input, high risk, high return characteristics. On the basis of investigation expounded the present conditions of Dendrobium candidum industry in Guangdong, and from the analysis of the factors of production, demand conditions etc. which was based on the diamond theory to analyze the Dendrobium candidum industry of Guangdong, put forward the suggestions and countermeasures for the development of Dendrobium candidum industry.
Key words: Dendrobium candidum; Analysis on Industry; Present Conditions
0 引言
铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.)为兰科石斛属多年生附生型草本植物,是中国传统的名贵中草药,其化学成分为石斛多糖(高达21.7%)及石斛碱[1],其所含的多糖成分具有增强人体免疫功能、防癌抗癌、恢复嗓音等功效[2]。此外铁皮石斛还具有滋阴清热、养胃生津、润肺止咳等功效。铁皮石斛因其具有极高的药用价值和经济价值,市场需求量极大。但铁皮石斛种子萌发率低[3],分株、扦插等传统的繁殖方式也很难使其成功。无节制的采挖及其自身生长、繁殖特性和对生长环境的特殊要求等原因,使得其种源面临枯竭[4-6]。因此从20世纪70年代起,国内有关机构就开始对铁皮石斛人工栽培技术进行研究,到目前为止,铁皮石斛的品种选育、种苗繁育、栽培管理和产品加工等关键技术取得了突破进展,并形成了从铁皮石斛种植生产、加工及销售完整的产业链。
目前中国许多省区均大力扶持发展铁皮石斛产业,云南、浙江为主产区[7-15]。广东气候等条件适宜种植铁皮石斛,现有人工种植主要分布在潮州、梅州、清远和韶关等市,其中潮州市饶平县种植面积已近10 hm2,而韶关市政府也致力于大力发展铁皮石斛,并有意将始兴县打造成“中国石斛之乡”[7-8]。……
