居住区景观综合评价模型构建与应用
2014-04-29魏雯毛志睿
魏雯 毛志睿
摘要 为探寻影响居住区景观质量的重要因素,选择6个准则层因素和18个评价因子,采用层次分析法,构建居住区景观综合评价模型,并根据建立的相关指标及其相互关系设计问卷展开调查,对数据进行统计分析。结果表明:① 准则层中因素按权重降序排列依次为:绿化景观、水景景观、空间场所景观、小品景观、照明设施和园路铺装。其中,绿化景观权重占总权重的46%,表明其在居住区景观中是十分重要的因素;② 18个评价因子中,绿化景观中的层次性权重值最大,进一步表明了绿化景观在居住区景观中的重要地位。
关键词 风景园林;居住区景观;综合评价模型;层次分析法
中图分类号 S688 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)34-12162-03
Construction and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Residential Area Landscape
WEI Wen, MAO Zhirui
(Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500)
Abstract In order to explore the important factors influencing the quality of residential area landscape, selecting 6 factors of rule layer and 18 evaluation factors, based on the method of AHP, the residential landscape comprehensive evaluation model was constructed, questionnaire was designed according to relevant established indexes and the relation between indexes, and data were analyzed. The results showed that, ① According to the weights of rule layer factors in descending order as follows: green landscape, waterscape landscape, space sites landscape, comedy landscape, lighting facilities and road pavement, among them, the green landscape weights account for 46% of the total weight, indicated that it is a very important factor in residential area landscape; ② For the 18 evaluation factors, the plants hierarchy which belong to green landscape had the highest weight, further indicating the important position of residential area landscape in the evaluation.
Key words Landscape architecture; Residential area landscape; Comprehensive evaluation model; Analytic hierarchy process
居住是人类最基本的生存需求模式,承载了人们对住所美好的愿景。居住环境不仅是现代城市景观建设的重要内容,也是城市文明的标志之一[1]。近年来,随着社会经济的发展,城市化进程和居住区开发建设步伐的加快,人们的生活方式也在发生变化,对于居住空间及环境景观的舒适度都提出了更高的要求。良好的居住区环境不仅能提高居民的生活情趣,对于提高居住区内人文质量和改善邻里关系等都具有重要的意义。因此,如何营造高品质的居住环境已成为当今居住区规划理论与实践中非常重要的环节。
目前,对于居住区景观的研究,多侧重于景观要素的规划设计、造园手法以及环境美学等方面的定性评价[2-3],对居住区景观的评价常采用绿地率、绿化率等数量化指标来进行[4],这种做法可以从宏观上把握小区绿化的总体状况,但是缺乏公众的参与。……
