孟庆玲 马桂科 张力文 张凤君

摘要

[目的]研究空气曝气（AS）技术修复石油类污染地下水的影响因素。[方法]选择二甲苯和萘作为典型的石油烃污染物，砾砂、粗砂和中砂作为模拟含水层介质，通过土柱模拟试验研究了不同影响因素下（如曝气量、介质渗透性、曝气方式）空气曝气技术对石油类污染地下水的修复效果。[结果]曝气量和介质渗透性对AS的修复效果有较大影响，污染物的去除效率随着曝气量的增加而增大，但曝气量超过300 ml/min，污染物的去除率不再随曝气量的增加而增加;介质渗透性越强，污染物的去除率越高。对于渗透系数较小的中砂，间歇曝气较连续曝气效果好;对于砾砂和粗砂，2种曝气方式效果相仿。AS在去除污染物的过程中存在明显的拖尾现象。污染物萘不适合采用AS技术去除。[结论]该研究可为AS技术应用提供数据支持。

关键词 空气曝气;石油污染;地下水;影响因素

中图分类号 S181.3;X523  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2014）34-12222-03

Influence Factors of Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Groundwater by Air Sparging

MENG Qingling1，2， MA Guike3， ZHANG Liwen2 et al

（1. Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment， Ministry of Education， Jilin Jinzhu University， Changchun， Jilin 130018; 2. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment， Ministry of Education， Jilin University， Changchun， Jilin 130018; 3. Jilin Design Institute of PetroChina Northeast Refining & Petrochemical Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Jilin， Jilin 132000）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to study influence factors of remediation of petroleum contaminated groundwater by air sparging （AS）. [Method] Selecting xylene and naphthalene as typical petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants， gravel sand， coarse sand and medium sand as the simulated aquifer media， remediation effects of AS on petroleum contaminated groundwater under different impact factors （such as aeration rate， medium permeability and air injection mode） were studied by soil column experiment. [Result] Aeration rate and medium permeability had larger impacts on remediation effect of AS. Removal rate of pollutant increased with aeration rate increase but changed little when the aeration rate exceeded 300 ml/min. The bigger the hydraulic conductivity was， the higher the removal rate of pollutant was. Under the same operation condition， intermittent air injection had advantages over continuous air injection for pollutant remediation in sand medium with low hydraulic conductivity， while the effects of two kinds of air injection modes were similar for coarse sand and gravel sand. It was apparent that there was tailing phenomenon when AS remediation performed. Naphthalene was not suitable using AS for remediation. [Conclusion] The research could provide data support for AS application.

Key words  Air sparging; Petroleum pollution; Groundwater; Influence factors

隨着石油工业的飞速发展，一些大中型油田区在石油勘探开发中，从钻井工程施工到采油、工艺处理、输油、储油等各个环节，都不同程度地造成了石油的泄漏，引起了地下水的严重污染[1-3]。国内外的调查显示，受到石油烃污染的地下水，即使在污染源受到控制后，一般几十年也难以在自然状态下复原[4-6]。

空气曝气（air sparging，AS）是一种原位修复技术，被认为是去除土壤和地下水中挥发和半挥发性有机物的最有效的方法之一[7-9]。AS是与气相抽提（soil vapor extraction，SVE）互补的一种技术[10-11]，其目的是去除地下水中的挥发性有机化学物质。……