探究黄海地区鸻鹬的迁徙及对生态环境的影响
2014-04-21殷世雨
殷世雨
鸻鹬类(Waders)是东亚-澳大利西亚迁飞区(East Asian-Australasian Flyway)所有水鸟中飞行距离最长的水鸟类群。从南半球的澳大利亚、新西兰越冬地到俄罗斯远东和美国阿拉斯加地区的繁殖地,有些鸻鹬类一年中要完成长达30,000km的迁徙,穿越一系列不同的气候带。为了满足这种周期性生活的需要,鸻鹬类需要在长途迁徙路线上有一系列优良的湿地栖息地,以补充继续飞行所需的能量储备。黄海地区是东亚-澳大利西亚迁飞区的重要组成部分,独特的地理环境,使其成为鸻鹬类南北迁徙的重要通道,对整个迁飞区鸻鹬类的成功迁徙、繁殖和种群维持具有重要作用。
关键词:鸻鹬类、湿地、黄海、迁徙、栖息地、保护
中图分类号:S342文献标识码: A
Shorebirds (Waders) is the East Asian - Australasian migration zone (East Asian-Australasian Flyway) waterfowl groups in all birds fly the longest distance. In the southern hemisphere Australia, New Zealand winter breeding to the Russian Far East and American Alaska area, some shorebirds in a year to complete the migration to 30000km, through a series of different climate zones. In order to meet the needs of this period of life, shorebirds in long-distance migration has a series of excellent wetland habitat route, to supplement the energy required reserves continue to fly. The Yellow Sea area is an important part of the East Asian - Australasian migration area, unique geographical environment, make it become the important channel of shorebirds migrate south, the migration zone shorebirds success migration, reproduction and population plays an important role in maintaining Keywords: shorebirds, wetland, the Yellow Sea, migration, habitat, protection
中途分类号:X171.1 文献标识码:A
一、鸻鹬类对栖息地的选择
鸻鹬类水鸟数量庞大,种类繁多,在世界各地有着很广泛的分布。鸟类迁徙季节,我国东部沿海,尤其是黄渤海地区是其最为集中的分布区域。多年来的调查显示,这一地区仅在鸟类北迁时期就支持着超过200万只的鸻鹬类水鸟(陈克林等,2006)。中西部地区也有少量群体零星分布。而越冬时期则在江南、华南地区较为常见。
鸻鹬类为典型的湿地鸟类,对生境要求较高,其主要生境类型包括:沿海滩涂、湖畔、河滩等水域地带。当湿地区域内植被覆盖率大于 60%或水域小于区域总面积的 20%时,鸻鹬类基本不出现;在同时具备水域、植被和裸地三种景观要素时,植被覆盖率为 10%~20%时,鸻鹬数量最多(唐承佳等, 2002)。……
