张晓梅

（辽宁省柴河水库管理局 ,辽宁 铁岭 112000）

柴河水库除险加固工程投资控制分析

张晓梅

（辽宁省柴河水库管理局 ,辽宁 铁岭 112000）

水库除险加固工程由于运行时间长，不确定因素多，工程项目和数量变化较大，由此引起工程投资的变化。文章通过柴河水库除险加固工程建设管理，对投资控制进行了分析、总结，并提出建议。

除险加固 ;投资控制;柴河水库

1 概述

柴河水库位于辽河中游左侧一级支流柴河上，坝址座落在铁岭县熊官屯乡大白梨沟村，距铁岭市区 12 km 处，是一座以防洪、灌溉、工业和城市供水为主，兼顾发电、养鱼等综合利用的大Ⅱ型水利枢纽工程。

柴河水库除险加固工程建设工期为 2年，工程批复总投资为 4 820.11 万元。由于工程规模大，线长面广，结构复杂，涉及专业多，更加受到经济、技术、自然资源因素的制约，投资控制的难度大。从招标开始，项目法人就把投资控制作为重点，坚持全过程、全方位投资控制理念。2010 年 8月 30 日审计确认完成投资 4 821.9 万元，与批复投资基本一致，柴河水库除险加固工程投资控制取得这样的成果主要在3个方面起到了决定性作用。

2 设计工作对投资控制起主导作用

水库除险加固工程的特殊性和不确定性致使设计工作在常规工作条件下，还得综合考虑其他因素，以达到合理的、能够实现的设计目标最终目的。设计工作对投资控制是起着主导作用的，主要做好以下 2个方面工作。

1）强化初步设计阶段，保证设计内容不缺项

总概算是初步设计的重要组成部分，它必须准确地反映设计内容和设计标准，其深度应满足控制投资计划安排和筹集资金的要求。因此，对除险加固工程项目、部位、内容、技术标准、施工组织都要细化，对隐蔽工程等不确定工程量和勘测资料或数据不齐全，应有足够的富裕度。

2）注重实施阶段设计工作，保证投资不超概

为加强工程建设管理，依据《建设工程勘察设计管理条例》和《建设工程质量管理条例》等有关规定，严格按照基本建设管理程序，规范设计变更行为，制定了《柴河水库除险加固工程设计工作准则》，切实做好设计变更工作。

3 招标工作对投资控制起决定作用

项目法人成立后，积极与设计部门沟通，对工程内容反复实地查勘，对设计方案进一步优化，不断挖掘合理、节约工程投资的潜力。

1）结合工程实际，对加固方案进行优化。优化后的方案有上游坝坡选择利用料翻砌，102 m 高程以下堆石护坡；下游坝采取分层铺筑，基层利用原来合格的料。泄洪洞加固时渗漏点、渗漏面采用不同的方案；溢洪道底板分段处理等。

2）组建专门机构，对所需材料来源分布、数量和市场价格进行调查，形成多方案分析报告，专门进行研究确定。

3）认真审核招标文件各部分内容，尤其是招标图纸和工程量清单，尽量不要有漏项，审查计算不要有错误，避免在实施阶段引起承包人不必要的索赔和设计变更等。

4）根据加固工程的工期安排和施工布置等，合理划分工程标段项目、各合同标段的工程任务界限和招标时间。柴河水库除险加固工程划分为 3个标段，分别为泄洪洞尾水渠水毁修复应急工程、一标段（大坝、溢洪道、泄洪洞加固、房屋建筑改造、交通工程及水环境保护工程等）和二标段（大坝安全监测自动化改造工程）。

5）严格按照招标投标法进行招标和投标，认真评审投标文件。对各投标文件都要认真审核，注重投标工程量清单、单价分析表、主要材料预算价格表和取费表是否前后呼应，是否存在表述不清、词义模糊不清容易产生分歧的问题。以避免将来结算时产生争议。若存在上述问题，需要书面澄清。

4 管理工作对投资控制起关键作用

管理工作是指实施阶段各参建单位包括建设单位、设计单位、监理单位、施工单位和其他协作单位的现场管理工作，各方除按照建设管理规定和合同要求履行各自职责外，还注重到以下问题：

1）规范施工过程中的设计变更程序，加强审查、审核和批准工作：①重大设计变更必须经过原审批部门的批准，对于通过设计变更扩大工程建设规模，提高工程建设标准的均属于重大设计变更。②现场除重大设计变更且必要的设计变更，先作工程量和造价的增减分析，经建设单位同意，设计单位出具相应的图纸和设计变更（补充）通知单。对不符合程序的变更、便条等工程量不予以认可。③强监理和施工单位提出变更的管理。监理单位和施工单位发现设计图中或现场施工过程中有需要变更的问题，必须征求建设单位和设计单位的意见，不允许擅自进行变更，对监理单位和施工单位擅自变更设计的，不予以认可。

2）严格现场工程量签证的确认和审查。尽管经设计深化和工程量清单详审，但水库除险加固工程难以预料的情况很多，仍有很多现场签证。因此，在明确签证程序和要求之外，还要从几个方面严格控制：①清单中包含的项目或内容不得进行签证，已签证的工程量，应予以扣除。②工程现场签证必须有建设单位现场代表、工程部负责人、主管领导、设计代表、监理单位现场监理、总监理工程师、施工单位工程部、合同部、技术负责人和项目经理签字盖章。③审查现场签证的项目和内容是否与合同要求一致、清楚，工程量计算、规格、单位和日期是否准确。

综上所述，水库除险加固工程投资控制是一项系统工程，需要进行全方位、全过程的管理。通过该工程的实践，可以表明建设前期和设计阶段是控制投资最起决定性的作用，且挖掘潜力很大，应该予以高度重视。同时，建设单位要紧紧抓住设计阶段和招标阶段，控制施工阶段，才能很好地控制整个项目工程投资，对物价上涨、材料短缺等困难有所准备，最终在批复概算限额内完成工程建设任务，实现水库除险加固工程目的

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[Key words]w ater requirement;flood irrigation;shallow wet irrigation;phreatic evaporation;water saving irrigation;Liaohe river

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Analysis of rice water demand law in lower Liaohe river

CHEN Sheng-li

TV122

A

1002－0624（2014）01－0069－02

2013-08-04