刘刚

摘要：在化工行业生产过程中经常出现仪表故障,在检测与控制过程中出现的故障现象比较复杂,这就要求仪表维护人员要能正确判断和及时处理，也以直接关系到生产的安全与稳定,同时,同时也涉及到产品的质量和消耗,而且也最能反映出仪表维护人员的实际工作能力和业务水平,也是仪表维护人员能否获得工艺操作人员信任,彼此配合密切的关键。现阶段自动化水平的不断提高,对现场仪表维护人员的技术水平提出了更高要求,要随时对生产过程中使用的仪表进行维护并能对常见故障及时处理。

关键词：现场 仪表 故障

Abstract: In the chemical industry in the process of production often appear instrument breakdown, in the test and control appeared in the process of failure phenomenon is more complex, which requires the instrument maintenance personnel to correct judgment and timely processing, also to directly related to production safety and stability, and at the same time, it also involves the quality of the products and consumption, but also the most can reflect instrument maintenance personnel's actual ability and the business level, also is the instrument maintenance personnel access to process operation personnel trust, with each other closely key. At present the unceasing improvement of the level of automation, field instrument maintenance personnel's technical level raised taller requirement, and always used in the production process of the instrument maintenance of common failures and can handle in time.

Key words: the scene; instrument; fault

中图分类号：TQ056.1 文献标识码：A文章编号：

一、化工装置现场仪表系统故障的判断思路

由于化工生产操作管道化、流程化、全封闭等特点,尤其是现代化的企业自动化水平很高,工艺操作与检测仪表密切相关,工艺人员通过检测仪表显示的各类工艺参数,诸如反应温度、物料流量、容器的液位和压力、原料的成分等来判断工艺生产是否正常,产品的质量是否合格,根据仪表指示进行加量或减产,甚至停车。

仪表指示出现异常现象（指示偏高、偏低,不变化,不稳定等）,本身包含两种因素：一是工艺因素,仪表正确的反映出工艺异常情况;二是仪表因素,由于仪表（测量系统）某一环节出现故障而导致工艺参数指示与实际不符。这两种因素总是混淆在一起,很难马上判断出故障到底出现在哪里。仪表维护人员要提高仪表故障判断能力,除了对仪表工作原理、结构、性能特点熟悉外,还需熟悉测量系统中每一个环节,同时,对工艺流程及工艺介质的特性、设备的特性应有所了解,这能帮助仪表维护。……