孙国龙赵兴强

摘要：云杉为常绿乔木，品种分为红皮云杉、白杄、青杄，主要分布在东北、华北、西北、西南及台湾等地的山地。生态习性较耐阴，喜湿润气候和深厚肥沃，排水良好的中性及微酸性土壤，耐湿，也而干旱，耐寒，浅根性，侧根发达，适应性强。目前，三北地区云杉造林用苗量较大，特别是绿化苗木缺口更大，农民朋友现从事云杉育苗较多，但缺乏育苗技术，笔者根据多年的育苗实践，归纳云杉育苗技术如下：

关键词：云杉 ，育苗，技术

Abstract: spruce for evergreen trees, varieties are divided into red one spruce, white 杄, green 杄, is mainly distributed in the northeast, north China, northwest, southwest and Taiwan mountain. Ecological habits more resistant to Yin, the wet climate and deep fertile, well drained the neutral and acidic soil, resistant to moisture, also and drought, hardy, shallow root sex, lateral root developed, strong adaptability. At present, three north area in seedling amount larger spruce afforestation, especially the green seedling gap bigger, farmers are now engaged in spruce seedling is more, but the lack of seedling technique, the author, based on the many years of seedling practice, inductive spruce seedling techniques are as follows:

Keywords: spruce, seeding, technology

中图分类号：F307.2文献标识码：A 文章编号：

一、苗圃地的选择

苗圃地应选择在交通便利，水源方便，水质达标，有电源、排水良好，背风向阳的平坦地段，土壤以石砾含量低、土层较厚、肥沃、通气性和透水性良好的沙壤土或壤土为宜。

避免选择以前作为蔬菜、薯类种植及土壤中病虫害感染严重的农田作为苗圃地。若作为苗圃地应轮做豆类作物1-2年，并且秋季换土深翻，每亩施用50公斤硫酸亚铁进行土壤消毒。

二、整地与作床

1、整地包括翻耕、耙地、平整、镇压，要做到及时耕耙，深耕细作，地平土碎，混拌肥料，清除石块和农作物残根、草根等杂物。秋季应早翻耕，深度以25cm左右为宜，若翌年早春耕地，春季浅耕深度15cm左右，随耕随耙，及时平整，镇压。

2、施肥、施肥原则，施足底肥，以有机肥为主，化肥为辅，并注意氮、磷、钾适当比例配合，施肥量通常为每亩厩肥一万千克左右，同时掺入过磷酸钙20千克，磷酸二铵10千克，均匀撒入土壤表层，融化后结合翻耕施入拌均。……