王作山

摘要：本文从四个方面剖析了电气引起火灾的常见原因：接地故障引起火灾、配电线路不当引起火灾、室内装修不当引起火灾、伪劣电器产品引起的火灾；并从四个方面阐述了预防电气火灾的措施：防止接地故障发生、加强消防监管、加强电气产品监管、加强宣传教育。通过论述总结了我国电气火灾的规律和特点，提醒有关部门和单位加强防范，从而减少电气火灾的发生。

关键词：电气 火灾 原因 对策

Abstract: This article from four aspects of the electrical fire caused by common cause: fire caused by earth fault of distribution lines fire, caused by improper, interior decoration, counterfeit electrical products caused by improper fire caused the fire; and from the four aspects of the electric fire prevention measures: preventing ground fault occurs, strengthening supervision, fire strengthen the supervision of electrical products, to strengthen publicity and education.The paper summarized our country electrical fire laws and characteristics, to remind the relevant departments and units to strengthen prevention, thereby reducing the occurrence of electrical fire.

Key words: electrical fire causes Countermeasures

中图分类号: S219.033文献标识码：A文章编号：

近几年来，建造物火灾频频发生,给国家和人民生命财产造成巨大损失。而电气故障引发的火灾占各类火灾的首位。本文从设计、施工、用电治理等方面分析电气火灾发生的原因,并对防备办法进行探讨。

1、电气火灾产生原因剖析

1.1接地故障引起的火灾

接地故障指带电导体与水管、钢管、设备金属外壳的接触短路。接地故障不易察觉,也比较复杂,故接地故障起火的危险性较大。

1.1.1故障电流起火

一旦发生接地故障,产生的故障电流除通过PEPEN线外,还通过电气设备金属外壳,各种接线端子。由于接地故障电阻较大,故障电流受到制约,因而电流保护器难以堵截故障电流,以短路电流形式存在,而仅0.15A 故障电流长期存在所产生的电弧温度可达2000℃,这就很容易会引燃四周的可燃物造成火灾。再则若PEPEN导线截面抉择太小,通过较大接地故障电流时,线路温升较高时,也会引起火灾。

1.1.2故障电压起火

发生接地故……