中国七大区降水化学特性的空间差异及成因
2012-04-29谢娜,薛丽洋
谢娜,薛丽洋
摘要:选取中国七大区的33个省及城市20世纪90年代降水监测资料,通过对比分析,对中国七大区的降水化学特性、空间差异及成因进行了初步研究。结果表明,七大区降水中离子组成基本一致,但是主要离子含量差别较大;降水酸性也表现出明显的差异,总体表现为北方偏碱性,南方偏酸性,并且自东北向华南呈增强趋势;20世纪90年代中国大气硫污染突出,东北、西北地区SO42-及Ca2+含量是其他地区的2倍以上,并且北方降水中NH4+浓度较高,因而针对不同地区的降水化学特性,应采取不同的污染防治措施。
关键词:七大区;降水化学特性;酸性;空间差异
中图分类号:X51文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)14-2971-05
The Spatial Differences of Chemical Characteristics of Precipitation in Seven
Regions of China
XIE Na,XUE Li-yang
(School of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,China)
Abstract: Based on the precipitation data of 33 provinces and cities in China in 1990s, the basic chemical characteristic and spatial differences of precipitation in seven regions were analyzed. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the contents of main ions among the seven regions though the composition of ions was near the same. The acidity of precipitation occurred differently in these seven regions. In detail, the acidity increased from northeast to south China. Sulphur pollution was terrible in 1990s in China with the concentrations of SO42- and Ca2+ in northeast and northwest China 2 times higher than in other areas and the NH4+ concentration in the north was higher than that in the south. Consequently, different preventing and remedying pollution measures should be taken in different regions.
Key words: seven regions; chemical characteristics of precipitation; acidity; spatial difference
关于区域降水化学特征方面的研究,在国内已取得了很多进展[1-4]。近年来众多学者对国内不同省(市)进行了区域降水化学特性方面的研究,其结果普遍表明各地区降水因受自然地理条件和人为因素的影响差异而表现出不同的特性,这些研究成果为降水化学特性影响因素的研究打下了理论基础,也为进一步研究降水的空间差异及其所采取的防治降水污染措施等提供了重要依据。但他们多集中于研究单一省(市)的局地降水化学特性,而综合对比研究某范围内不同地区(省、市)空间差异及成因方面的内容较少,如孙玉鹏等[5]仅研究了我国沿海和西北地区降水化学特性的差异,黄美元等[6]对中国和日本降水化学特性的差异作了对比分析。
我国幅员辽阔,由南向北、自东向西的自然地理条件差异较大,横跨多个气候区与土壤区;……
