基于小农户制现状探索家庭农场制及其规模
2012-04-29罗艳王青
罗艳 王青
摘要:现代化规模农业是我国农业的发展方向,结合以家庭为经营单位的土地制度,发展适度规模的家庭农场是切实可行的。安徽金安区的调查数据显示农业劳动力的人均农业收入随土地规模的增大而增加,但随耕地平均经营规模的增加每公顷产值呈递减趋势。从农村发展情况看,实行家庭农场经营的主客观条件已经基本具备。运用模型计算出该区合理的家庭农场规模为8.40 hm2,达到此规模金安区将有90.44%的农业劳动力需要从种植业上转移。
关键词:家庭农场制;小农户制现状;家庭农场规模
中图分类号:F321文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)06-1281-03
Research on the Systerm and Scale of Family Farm Based on Status of
Peasant Household
LUO Yan,WANG Qing
(School of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: Modern scale agriculture is the development direction of agriculture in China; And its possible to implement moderate-scale farm with the family as business operation entity of the land system. The survey data of Jinan district, Anhui province showed that the income per capita agricultural labor increased with the accretion of land scale; But the output value of every hectare had a degressive tendency with the increase in the average size of arable land management. According to the rural development situation, the implementation of family-run farms had basically met the objective and subjective conditions.The reasonable family farm scale was 8.40 hm2 counted by the model. 90.44% of the agricultural labor in Jinan district meeded to be transferred from farming to reach this scale.
Key words: family farm; current situation of peasant household; scale of family farm
自20世紀80年代起,农业规模经营的问题便一直被讨论,有主张企业农场的形式[1],有主张农户+企业形式[2],有主张农民以土地、机械或者人力入股的集体农场制[3],也有主张维持家庭经营的形式不变扩大家庭经营规模的大农户制[4]与家庭农场制[5]。这些主张从农业经营的组织形式上可以分为两种:家庭制和企业制[6]。基于目前小农户制的现状来看,家庭农场制是一种较为合理的方式。那么家庭农场制以及现阶段家庭农场的适度经营规模就成为讨论的主要问题。
1家庭农场及规模的理论探讨
对于家庭农场,傅爱民等[7]给出较为完整全面的定义,即以家庭为基本单位,以适度规模土地为劳动对象,以有效率的劳动、商业化的资本和现代化的技术为生产要素,以商品化生产为主要目的的农户企业。家庭农场按字面可以理解为家庭经营与规模农业的组合,因此对家庭农场的探讨主要是农业家庭经营的优越性以及与其规模农业的可衔接性。……
