程卫红 张朝华

【摘 要】巴西、印度等发展中大国的经验显示，.政府应该成为农业基础设施建设的主要投资主体，但同时要鼓励和引导民间资本、金融资本、国外资本作为投资的补充。同时，在财政资金有限的情况下，发展中国家应结合国情选择建设重点，以集中有限的资源投入到对农业发展瓶颈问题严重的基础设施方面。当前，我国的农业基础设施建设存在财政投资乏力，政府职能明显缺位，内部的投资结构不合理等问题，借鉴发展中大国农业基础设施建设的经验，应加大农业基础设施建设，调整投资结构，在政府继续发挥投资主体作用的同时，努力调动和引导社会资本投入的积极性，加强农业生产和流通领域的基础设施建设，强化资金管理，提高资金使用效率。

【关键词】发展中大国 农业基础设施建设 经验与借鉴

Brazil, India's agricultural infrastructure constructionexperience and its Implications for China

Weihong CHENG Zhaohua ZHANG

【Abstract】Brazil, India and other big developing country experience has shown that. The Government should become agricultural infrastructure construction of the main investment entity, but at the same time want to encourage and guide the private capital, financial capital, foreign capital as an investment to add. At the same time, limited financial resources, developing countries should be the focus of national construction selection in order to concentrate its limited resources into the problem of serious bottlenecks in the development of agriculture infrastructure. At present, our country's agricultural infrastructure is weak financial investment exist, apparent lack of government functions, the internal investment structure is irrational and so on, from large developing agricultural infrastructure construction experience, should step up agricultural infrastructure construction, adjust the investment structure the Government to continue to play the main role of the investment at the same time, efforts to mobilize and guide the social capital investment enthusiasm, strengthen agricultural production and circulation of the field of infrastructure construction, strengthen financial management, improve capital efficiency.

【Keywords】Large developing country agricultural infrastructure construction experience and learn from

农业基础设施建设与农业生产息息相关，它不仅关系着农业综合生产能力．而且关系着农产品在国际市场上的长期竞争能力。但农业基础设施建设不同于农产品价格支持对农民收入的间接补贴，也不同于直接支付对农民收入的直接补贴，而是通过向农业或农村提供公共产品，提高农业投入产出比和农产品市场竞争力，来为促进农民收入持续增加创造良好的环境。换句话说，农业基础设施建设与不是简单地向农业或农民“输血”，而是增强农业或农民自身的“造血”机能。农业基础设施建设与所涉支持来自政府计划并由公共基金或公共财政提供（包括已放弃的政府财税收入），而且所涉支持不应具有对生产者价格支持的作用，也不应具有对生产者或加工者提供直接支付的作用。……