尹学毅

(湖南工业大学音乐学院，湖南株洲412007)

红土地上孕育的红色民歌
——井冈山革命斗争时期的炎陵革命民歌概说

尹学毅

(湖南工业大学音乐学院，湖南株洲412007)

炎陵县是井冈山革命根据地的重要组成部分，红色民歌在这块红色土地上应运而生。在这里诞生了中国最早的红军歌曲《三大纪律六项注意歌》，产生了最早的红色根据地革命民歌《插牌分田歌》。炎陵革命民歌与当地的客家山歌和民间小调的音乐风格相近，以五声徵调式和五声羽调式居多。歌词保留了民谣的语言特点，贴近百姓生活，通俗易懂，言简意赅，从侧面反映了炎陵人民对土豪劣绅与军阀反动派的仇恨和对红军的热爱、对革命的向往，在井冈山革命斗争中发挥了重要的宣传、教育作用。

炎陵;红色民歌;井冈山

Abstract:Yanling County is an important component of Jinggangshan revolutionary base area．During the revolutionary struggle period，Mao Zedong，Zhu De and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation came to Yanling County and took part in lots of revolutionary activities．Thus a lot of folk revolutionary songs were produced，such as《The Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six －Notes》，the birth of the first song of the Red Army;《Fields Shared with Billboards》，the earliest Chinese folk revolutionary song．Because of the remoteness and backward transportation，its folk songs were rarely known to outsiders．The revolutionary folk songs had similar music style of local Hakka folk songs and civil minor tones，with five sound syndrome adjustable and five sound feather adjustable mostly，which retained folk lyrics language features，and they were popular，easy，concise and closed to people’s life．The revolutionary folk songs of Yanling county reflected the people’s hatred to the local tyrants and evil gentry as well as reactionary warlords．And meanwhile，they also reflected Yanling people’s love to the red army and their revolutionary aspirations．In Jinggangshan revolutionary struggle，Yanling folk songs played an important role of publicity and instruction．

Key words:Yanling;red folk song;Jinggangshan

湖南炎陵县宋代置县，原名酃县，因中华农耕始祖炎帝神农氏安寝于此，1994年经国务院批准更名为炎陵县。炎陵县地处湖南省东南边陲，位于罗霄山脉中段、井冈山西麓的湘赣交界处，是井冈山红色革命根据地的重要组成部分。毛泽东同志在《井冈山斗争》中指出“军事根据地:第一个根据地是井冈山，介在宁冈，酃县、遂川、永新四县之交。”［1］炎陵县是山区，山高路陡，道路崎岖，传递信息通常是“打喊”(即大声吆喝)，就像唱山歌一样。千百年来，炎陵山歌久唱不衰，其民间小调与劳动号子以及风俗歌曲、民间乐曲各具特色，为炎陵革命民歌的产生提供了扎实的基础。

井冈山革命斗争时期，毛泽东、朱德、陈毅、彭德怀、罗荣桓、任弼时、王震等老一辈无产阶级革命家，先后十余次来到炎陵，走遍了炎陵的山山水水，在这里开展了大量的革命活动。……