赵梓年，肖同姊

(天津科技大学材料科学与化学工程学院，天津 300457)

聚乳酸/苎麻纤维(PLA/RF)复合材料的制备与性能

赵梓年，肖同姊

(天津科技大学材料科学与化学工程学院，天津 300457)

对苎麻纤维(RF)进行偶联剂处理和聚乳酸(PLA)/氯仿溶液浸润处理后，采用溶液浇铸法制备PLA/RF复合材料，并观察RF处理后的表面形态及PLA/RF的等温结晶情况．结果表明：RF能够有效提高PLA/RF复合材料的拉伸强度；3种偶联剂(KH5501，KH570，A151)在80,℃下处理的RF对PLA的增强效果较在室温下处理的增强效果好；RF经过浸润处理后吸水率下降；在RF的浸润液中添加增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)能够提高材料断裂伸长率；通过偏光显微镜(POM)观察到，在靠近RF附近位置PLA球晶较其他位置处细小；随着TBC质量分数的增加，PLA球晶尺寸增大．

聚乳酸；苎麻纤维；偶联剂；拉伸强度

Abstract：A fter treating the ram ie fiber(RF) by coupling agent and soakage processing，the poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/RF composite sheets were prepared by means of solvent casting process. The treated RF was observed on its surface by scanning electron m icroscope(SEM). The isothermal crystallization of PLA/RF was also observed by polarizing m icroscope(POM).The results show that the tensile strength of PLA/RF composite materials is enhanced by the reinforcement RF. When the coupling process is operated at 80,℃，the reinforcement effect of coupling treated RF on PLA composite is better than that at room temperature. The water absorption rate of RF declines after soakage processing. The elongation at break of PLA/RF composite is improved by adding tributyl citrate(TBC) in the soakage processing solution. It can be observed by POM that the spherocrystal dimension of PLA becomes bigger w ith the increasing TBC content，and the spherocrystal dimension of PLA around RF is smaller than that at other position.

Keywords：poly(lactic acid)；ram ie fiber；coupling agent；tensile property

聚乳酸(PLA)是采用可再生的玉米、小麦等淀粉原料，经发酵转化成乳酸，再经聚合而成的热塑性聚酯，它是一种无毒、无刺激性、具有优良生物相容性和生物降解性的合成高分子材料，由于其力学性能与某些热塑性塑料如聚乙烯、聚丙烯相当，被认为是一种可替代传统石油塑料的“生物可降解塑料”，但聚乳酸存在质脆、刚性大等缺点，限制了其在通用塑料等领域的应用[1–2]．

植物纤维是自然界可再生资源，是廉价复合材料的首选增强材料．由于全球能源和环境问题日益突出，采用自然界丰富的天然植物纤维替代传统纤维增强树脂基体复合材料逐渐受到人们的关注．与传统复……