王建清，杨 艳，金政伟，赵亚珠

(天津科技大学包装与印刷工程学院，天津 300222)

小茴香等7种植物蒸馏提取物的抑霉菌效果

王建清，杨 艳，金政伟，赵亚珠

(天津科技大学包装与印刷工程学院，天津 300222)

以存在于水果的常见霉菌中的灰霉、黑根霉、交链孢、青霉和黑曲霉为研究对象，采用滤纸片扩散法和对倍稀释法，对小茴香、柠檬草、孜然、广藿香、肉桂叶、桉树叶和鼠尾草这 7种植物的蒸馏提取物有效抑菌成分(精油)进行抑菌筛选研究．结果表明：小茴香抑菌效果最好且得率高，为 1.90%，对青霉、黑根霉最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为 3.2,µL/mL，灰霉、黑曲霉和交链孢MIC为6.4,µL/mL；其次为肉桂叶，对交链孢和灰霉有很强抑菌效果，9,d内抑菌率为100%．

抑菌；小茴香；霉菌；精油

Abstract：By filter paper diffusion method and dilution method，the inhibition characters of Foeniculum vulgare Mill，Cymbopogon citratus，Cuminum cyminum L.，Pogostemon cablin Benth，Cinnamomum cassia Presl.，Eucalyptus leaves and Salvia japonica Thunb. essential oil extracted by steam distillation were studied. Common Botrytis cinerea，Rhizopus nigricans，Alternaria，Penicillium citrinum，Aspergillus niger in the mould existing in fruits were chosed as research objects.The results show that Foeniculum vulgare Mill is the most effective bacteriostatic agent and has the highest extraction productivity which is 1.90%. Minimal inhibitory concentration of Foeniculum vulgare Mill effect on Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus nigricans is 3.2,µL/mL. Minimal inhibitory concentration of Foeniculum vulgare Mill effect on Botrytis cinerea，Aspergillus niger，Alternaria is 6.4 µL/mL. The latter is Cinnamomum cassia Presl，especially to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria has the best effect. The Inhibitory rate was 100% in 9 d.

Keywords：inhibition；Foeniculum vulgare Mill；mould；essential oil

近年来很多科学家开始采用天然的具有抗氧化、杀菌作用的中草药植物和香辛料对果蔬进行保鲜[1]．国外已有不少天然植物抗菌剂且得到了商业化应用[2]．国内天然植物杀菌剂也取得了一定成果，见姬等[3]报道小茴香和肉桂叶提取物对汉逊德巴利酵母和耐盐酵母菌有很好抑菌效果；郭松年等[4]报道丁香肉桂叶可以抑制青霉和黑曲霉的生长；张应烙等[5]证实孜然提取物对苹果霉心病菌、白菜黑斑病抑菌率均为100%，对黄瓜炭疽病菌为 78.5%；佟棽棽等[6]和Tzortzakis[7]分别证实柠檬草对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、灰葡萄孢菌和黑曲霉有很好抑制作用．本研究对文献报道较多的7种天然植物的精油成分进行提取，针对导致水果腐败变质的常见……