刘天海 尚红 寇建新 陈亮 杨怀宁 张金城

(1)中国地震应急搜救中心，北京100049) 2)河北省磁县地震局，磁县056500

基线测量技术更新的实用化研究*

刘天海1)尚红1)寇建新1)陈亮2)杨怀宁1)张金城1)

(
1)中国地震应急搜救中心，北京100049) 2)河北省磁县地震局，磁县056500

针对基线测量逐渐淘汰的现实，结合工作实际开展了用精密测距替代基线丈量的实用化研究与试验。通过测量误差分析，结合仪器性能和基线测量技术要求，在理论研究的基础上，进行了室内外大量测试，不断改进技术设计，修订操作规程，实现了基线测量技术的更新换代和数字化改造。6年多的监测实践表明，基线测量技术更新是成功的。

基线测量;精密测距;跨断层测量;三维变形监测;技术更新

AbstractIn so much as the reality that the baseline measurement will be gradually falling into disuse，precise range measurement instead of baseline measurement is practically studied and tested.By means of the analysis of measurement error，the combination with the related equipment performance and its technical requirement，and on the basis of the study for theory，precise range measurements had been conducted numerously indoor and outdoor.In the meantime，its technical design is constantly modified，and its operational regulation is revised as well.As a result，the baseline measurement technique is updated and digitally remodified.The results of 6 years monitoring show that the updated baseline measurement technique is successful，the achievement is worth to be widely applied.

Key words:baseline measurement;precise range measurement;across-fault measurement;3D deformation monitoring;technical renovation

1 问题的提出

跨断层形变监测被认为是较可靠的地震前兆监测手段之一［1－21］。截至2009年，全国范围内在测的跨断层形变场地约有340处，其中29处进行了精密水准测量和基线(或精密距离)测量，实现了跨断层三维变形观测。其他场地仅进行单项水准观测，未能获取监测点的三维变形信息，使资料的实际应用价值受到限制。

究其因是跨断层测量距离一般较短，通常只有几十米到上百米，水平形变测量采用传统的基线丈量法。该方法使用24 m的因瓦线尺丈量，这种人工模拟观测虽可获得较高的精度，但组织实施较困难，场地布设有特定要求，建设与监测投资较大，难以普及。尤其是近20年来，用于基线测量的因瓦线尺已停产，基线丈量已逐步被淘汰。……