APP下载

一般现在时的自述

2010-12-30

中学英语之友·上 2010年1期
关键词:助动词否定句原形

陈 静

同学们好!我叫一般现在时,在时态家族中,我是老大哥。在英语中,我的应用最广泛,是你们学习英语语法的重点。

一、如果同学们想要找我,请到下面三个地方去找:

1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。eg:

I go to school on foot. 我步行去上学。

He is very busy now. 他现在非常忙。

2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。eg:

He can swim. 他会游泳。

I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。

3)表示客观真理。eg:

There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。

The moon moves round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。

二、我的结构按正常语序,也就是“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,我常常把时间状语提到前面。我的句式变化可分为两种情况:

1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句时须在动词前面加助动词dont;变一般疑问句时须在句首加助动词do。eg:

They have lunch at 12:00.→

They dont have lunch at 12:00.

Do they have lunch at 12:00?

2)第三人称单数作主语的,变否定句时须在动词前面加助动词doesnt,动词恢复原形;变一般疑问句时须在句首加助动词does,动词恢复原形。eg:

Jenny speaks English very well.→

Jenny doesnt speak English very well.

Does Jenny speak English very well?

3)含有be动词的要在be上做变化。eg:

Danny is a good student.→

Danny isnt a good student.

Is Danny a good student?

三、我的时间状语多为often, usually, always, sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays, in the morning(afternoon evening), every day等。

四、有些同学在和我交朋友时,总是犯这样或那样的错误,现以用括号中所给词的适当形式填空题型为例,进行一一说明。eg:

1)be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中

例:We are plant(plant) the trees in spring.

答案:plant

解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be表状态,do表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”

2)单三人称形式易出错

例:1. He plaies(play) football very well.

2. Danny gos(go) to school at 7:10.

答案:1.plays 2.goes

解析:1.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加-es; 2.与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加-es。

3)在句式变换时易出错

例:1. Does Jenny has(has) a good friend?

2. Brian doesnt lives(not live) in China.

答案:1.Does; have 2.doesnt live

解析:单三人称作主语的一般现在时作句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。eg:

He didnt go home yesterday.

4)对do的理解易出错

例:We dont(not do) our homework in the afternoon.

答案:dont do

解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实际意义;c)是一个具体的行为动词,意为“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词dont。

5)对主语的数的判断有误

例:Li Ming with me are(be) in Beijing.

答案: is

解析:从表面看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此作伴随状语,不能作主语,故用is。

另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。

【小试牛刀】

一、单项填空

1. Jenny ____ in an office.Her parents ____ in a hospital.

A. work; works B. works; work C. work; are working D. is working; work

2. One of the boys ____ a black hat.

A. have B. there is C. there are D. has

3. We will go shopping if it ____ tomorrow.

A. dont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt rain

4. He said the sun ____ in the east and ____ in the west.

A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets

5. Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.

A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking; listen

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. I can take Li Ming there when he ____(come) to visit.

2. ____ your sister ____(know) English?

3. ____ she ____(do) the housework every day?

4. Who ____(want) to go swimming?

5. Where ____ you ____(have) lunch every day?

Key: 一、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 二、1.comes 2.Does; know 3.Does; do 4.wants 5.do; have

猜你喜欢

助动词否定句原形
从推量助动词看日语表达的暧昧性
巧记不规则动词 (二)
“助动词”相关语法知识集锦
助动词的用法
can have done用法小结
Baba Yaga邪恶女巫——芭芭亚加
维吾尔语助动词及其用法
学写双重否定句
Units 1—2句型转换专练
The Four Friends(2)