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巧记不规则动词 (二)

2021-08-30王化清

初中生学习指导·提升版 2021年8期
关键词:原形情态犯错误

王化清

H组:其他变化形式。例如:

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled 拼写 smell smelt smelt 闻;闻起来 hang hanged hanged 绞死;徘徊;逗留 hung hung 吊;悬 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃;发光 lie lied lied 说谎 lay lain 躺;卧;位于 lead led led 领导;引导 mislead misled misled 误导 get got got/gotten 获得 forget forgot forgot/forgotten 忘记 stand stood stood 站立 understand understood understood 理解 sit sat sat 坐 babysit babysat babysat 照顾婴儿 agree agreed agreed 同意 disagree disagreed disagreed 不同意 sell sold sold 卖 make made made 让;使 have had had 吃;有;使;让 hear heard heard 听到 hold held held 举办;握住 leave left left 离开;遗忘 find found found 找到 lose lost lost 丢失 ]

三、ABC形(动词原形、过去式和过去分词各不相同)

A组:把动词原形中的i改为a和u,分别构成过去式和过去分词。例如:

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 begin began begun 开始 sing sang sung 唱歌 ring rang rung 鸣叫;环绕 sink sank sunk 下沉 drink drank drunk 喝 swim swam swum 游泳 ]

B组:把动词原形中的aw或ow改為ew构成过去式,在动词原形后面加n构成过去分词。例如:

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 know knew known 知道 grow grew grown 成长 blow blew blown 吹 throw threw thrown 掷;投;抛 draw drew drawn 绘画 show showed shown 展示 ]

C组:在动词原形后加en(以不发音的e结尾的动词原形后加n)构成过去分词。例如:

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 take took taken 取走;花费 mistake mistook mistaken 犯错误 shake shook shaken 握手;振动 hide hid hidden 躲;藏 write wrote written 写 see saw seen 看见 rise rose risen 上升;增高 give gave given 给 be(is am) was been 是;在 be(are) were been 是;在 fall fell fallen 落下;跌落 eat ate eaten 吃 beat beat beaten 打败 forbid forbad/forbade forbidden 禁止;不许 ]

D组:以不发音的e结尾的过去式加n构成过去分词。例如:

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 break broke broken 撕裂;弄碎 speak spoke spoken 讲;说 wake woke woken 醒来 choose chose chosen 选择 freeze froze frozen 冻结;结冰 ]

E组:其他无规律的变化形式。例如:

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 do did done 做;干 go went gone 去;消失 fly flew flown 飞行 ]

四、ABA形(动词原形和过去分词形式相同)

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 run ran run 跑 come came come 来 become became become 成为 ]

五、情态动词无过去分词

[原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 can could 能;会;可能 will would 要 shall should 将要 may might 可能;可以 ]

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