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大粒车前子多糖酸碱稳定性和热稳定性研究

2010-09-13殷军艺聂少平林慧霞谢明勇

食品科学 2010年15期

殷军艺,聂少平*,林慧霞,李 昌,谢明勇

(南昌大学 食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西 南昌 330047)

大粒车前子多糖酸碱稳定性和热稳定性研究

殷军艺,聂少平*,林慧霞,李 昌,谢明勇

(南昌大学 食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西 南昌 330047)

探讨大粒车前子多糖在不同条件下的稳定性。从大粒车前子中提取、分离和纯化得到均一多糖(Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharide,PLP),考察PLP经酸碱(HCl溶液或NaOH溶液)处理后其表观黏度、粒度和单糖组成等方面的变化,并采用热重-差热同步分析仪(TG-DTA)考察PLP的热稳定性。结果表明:酸碱处理对PLP表观黏度、粒度和单糖组成等方面有一定影响。酸处理后(pH值约为2.7),PLP表观黏度和粒度增加,阿拉伯糖和木糖的物质的量的比值变化不大;碱处理后(pH值约为11.4),PLP表观黏度和粒度减小,木糖比例有一定程度下降。PLP原液加热后再冷却,粒度增大。热稳定性分析表明PLP在250℃开始发生降解,550℃基本结束。

大粒车前子;多糖;稳定性

Abstract:In this study, the effect of acidic and alkaline treatments on the monosaccharide composition, apparent viscosity and granularity on a polysaccharide fraction (detected to contain a single component) purified from Plantago asiatica L. seeds.Meanwhile, the thermal stability of the polysaccharide fraction was analyzed using thermal gravity-differential thrermal analysis(TG-DTA). The results showed that acidic and alkaline treatments both had certain effect on the apparent viscosity and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide fraction. After acidic treatment (approximately pH 2.7), the apparent viscosity and average granularity diameter of the polysaccharide fraction both increased, but the xylose/arabinose molar ratio changed little.However, alkaline treatment (approximately pH 11.4) resulted in a decrease in apparent viscosity, average granularity diameter and xylose/arabinose molar ratio. Heating followed by cooling resulted in an increase in average granularity diameter. The TG-DSC analysis showed that the polysaccharide fraction began to degrade at 250 ℃ and the degradation ended at 550 ℃.

Key words:Plantago asiatica L. seeds;polysaccharide;stability

车前子为大粒车前(Plantago asiatica L.)或平车前(Plantag depressa Willd.)的干燥成熟种子[1], 夏、秋二季种子成熟时采收果穗,晒干,搓出种子,除去杂质。车前子被我国卫生部列为可用于保健食品的物品,也是我国传统中医用药之一。车前子多糖具有良好的润肠通便[2]、降血脂[3]、补体[4]、抑菌[5]等生物活性。近期研究表明,车前子多糖还具有良好免疫活性[6-7]。此外,车前子多糖还可以作为面包中谷蛋白替代品[8],或者用于城市景观设计、治理环境污染等[9-10]。

研究发现,多糖受热会发生一定程度降解[11];车前子胶(多糖)流变性也受到温度和pH值等因素的影响[12],但未进行深入研究。……

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