人工影响天气研究进展

2010-07-07

中国气象科学研究院年报 2010年0期

大气物理与人工影响天气

人工影响天气研究进展

1. 人工影响天气关键技术及装备研发

科技部“十一五”科技支撑项目“人工影响天气关键技术及装备研发”于2010年结束。项目瞄准环北京地区云降水结构和降水形成机理、大气水资源等问题进行研究，重点关注混合云和暖云的形成和人工增雨，新的催化播撒工具如无人驾驶飞机播撒。项目同时也关注环北京地区雾的形成和人工消雾技术研究。冰雹风洞的恢复重建和升级改造也在制冷系统等方面取得了重要进展。

利用外场观测资料和数值模拟对暖云和混合云的播撒技术进行深入研究；项目开展了多架飞机观测气溶胶、CCN和云粒子的谱分布及垂直分布；提出了混合云和暖云催化的概念模型；新建立了包含复杂催化剂核化过程的暖云催化播撒模式，发现催化剂的尺度对暖云催化非常关键，在暖云催化播撒中，需要半径大于1µm的气溶胶粒子，同时对播撒时间、播撒剂量和播撒位置也进行了研究。暖云播撒的吸湿性焰条也得到生产和试用。

2. 京津地区低能见度雾霾天气监测与预报研究

公益性行业（气象）科研专项“京津地区低能见度雾霾天气监测与预报研究”由中国气象科学研究院人影中心联合有关科研院所、高校和省级气象业务部门进行研究，该项目于2010年冬季开展了外场观测试验，观测时间从2010年8月开始，地点在北京附近的涿州市，观测仪器包括雾滴谱仪、能见度仪、气溶胶仪、微波辐射计、露点仪以及基本气象要素观测仪。在外场观测试验中，举办了雾霾研讨会，报告和交流了关于雾的最新研究进展。

Atmospheric Physics and Weather Modif cation

Research Progress in Atmospheric Physics and Weather Modif cation

1. Weather modif cation key technology and instrumentation

The key project “Weather modif cation key technology and instrumentation” in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period was completed at the end of 2010. The project aimed at investigating cloud structure and precipitation formation, atmospheric water resource surrounding Beijing urban region, and focusing on the mixed and warm cloud formation and rain enhancement, and new seeding tools such as the robot airplane for cloud seeding. The project also targeted on the fog formation and disposal technology in urban regions. Important progress of reestablishment and modif cation of wind tunnel of hailstone have been made in the aspect of cooling system.

The warm and mixed-phase cloud seeding techniques have been intensively investigated by both f eld observations and numerical models. Multi-aircraft measurements on the spectrum and vertical distributions of aerosol, CCN, and cloud particles were conducted in the project. The conceptual models such as cloud seeding for mixed-phase and warm cloud were proposed. New warm cloud seeding model coupled with sophisticated seeding agent nucleation processes has been established, and it is found that the size of seeding agent is critical to warm cloud seeding. Giant-size aerosols such as radii larger than 1 µm are necessary to enhance precipitation in warm cloud seeding. The seeding time, seeding amount and seeding location were also studied. The warm cloud seeding f are was produced and tested.

2. Observation and forecast of fog and haze in the regions of Beijing and Tianjin

The project“Observation and forecast of fog and haze in the regions of Beijing and Tianjin”sponsored by National Public Benefit Research Foundation and hosted by Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, and jointly cooperated with some research institutes, universities, and provincial meteorological services was conducting a f eld campaign in the winter of 2010. The observation started in August of 2010, and its site was located in Zhuozhou City near Beijing. Observational instruments include fog-monitor, visibility, aerosol, CCN, microwave radiometer, dew point temperature and basic parameters of meteorology. During the f eld campaign, a workshop on fog and haze was held, and recent progress in fog studies were reported and discussed.