白 虹

名词性从句是学生学习中的重点和难点,这里简要介绍一下需注意的有关问题。

(一)不可多that

在同一个从句中的who, whom, which, what, how, when, where, if等词之前,不可再用that。

He doesnt know that when they arrived here. (去掉that)

(二)不可少that

引导名词性从句的that在下列情况下不可省略:①宾语从句被分隔时;②宾语从句不止一个时;③引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时。

1. I dont doubt, in any case, he keeps his word. (he前加that)

2. I could see what was happening and Tom was nearly frightened. (and后加that)

3. She is still alive is a relief. (句首加That)

4. My idea is we should act on his suggestion. (is后加that)

5. We heard the news our team had won. (news后加that)

(三)that与what的用法

that没有意义,只起引导作用,不作成分;what为“……的东西/事物”,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补。

1. ____ we cant get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

2. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect certain culture differences.

A. WhatB. That C. ThisD. Which

3. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ____ it is today.

A. which .B. that C. whatD. how

4. The word media basically refers to ____ we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.

A. which B. what C. why D. that

(四)区分that, because和why

有些名词如reason, cause作句子主语时,其后的表语从句常用 that引导,不用because;because引导表语从句时用于句型Thats because…,说明产生上述结果的原因;why引导从句时说明由上述原因导致的必然结果。

1. The reason for her absence was because she was ill. (because→that)

2. I was late for school this morning. Thats why I stayed up too late last night. (why→because)

(五)区分that, if, whether

1.在doubt后面的宾语或同位语从句中,肯定句常跟whether或if引导的从句;否定句常跟that引导的从句。

I doubt that that was what he wanted. (第一个that→if/whether)

2.if和whether

用whether不用if的情况:

①引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时;②在介词后引导宾语从句时;③后面直接跟动词不定式时;④后面紧跟or not时。

1. ____ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

2. It all depends on ____ they will support us.

A. whether B. what C. if D. that

3. He doesnt know ____ to stay or not.

A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will

4. We didnt know ____ or not she was ready.

A. if B. what C. that D. whether

(六)语序(用陈述语序)

When will the meeting start is unknown to all. (will the meeting→the meeting will)