马国民

定语从句是三大从句之一，是高考频繁考查的考点之一。在备考中，需要明确其命题规律，掌握答题技巧，这样才能高效备考。

一、高频考点剖析

（一）考查关系词的基本用法

关系词用法一览表

【考例】

1. In this box are some stem cells _______ are urgently needed for a patient—please， please， youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.（2016全国卷I，阅读理解改编）

2. Louis Braille， a blind person， lived in a time _______ the blind couldnt get much education.（2015重庆卷，阅读理解改编）

3. The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street， _______ offers several concerts from March through June.（2016全国卷III，阅读改编）

4. Ive got to a point in my life_______ I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown， hard， but interesting. （2016天津卷，阅读表达改编）

5. I ran the risk of losing those students _______ had a different style of thinking. （2016全国卷II，阅读改编）

6. The reason_______ any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. （2016北京卷，阅读改编）

7. A coin is put into the cake，_______ signifies（预示） success in the New Year for the person who receives it.（2015安徽卷，阅读理解改编）

8. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery， Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place _______ cannot be missed when you visit the city.（2015北京卷，阅读理解改编）

9. _______ is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.（2013陕西卷）

10. I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot of noise.（2016年北京卷）

解析：

1. that/ which。先行词为some stem cells，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/ which。

【知识拓展】（1）关系词that不可位于介词后，不可引导非限制性定语从句。 （2）关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用that的情况：先行词是all，everything，anything等不定代词；先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰；先行词既有人又有物；先行词是序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高级修饰。

2. when。先行词指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。

3. which。先行词指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。

【知识拓展】 which可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；先行词可指物，也可指一句话内容。

4. where。point为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。

【知识拓展】当先行词是activity，situation，point，case，stage，scene等抽象名词时，且关系词在从句中作状语时，应用where作为引导词。

5. who / that。先行词those students指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/ that。

【知识拓展】（1）who引导定语从句时，不可位于介词之后。（2）关系词常用who的情况：先行词为明确指人的anyone，one，ones，those等词时；在分隔式定语从句中，先行词指人，为了避免歧义时；当先行词为人称代词时等。

6. why。reason为先行词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导定语从句。

7. which。逗号前的一句话内容为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。

8. that。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词place之前有the very修饰，故应用that作为引導词。

9. As。先行词为逗号之后的一句话内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，而定语从句位于句首时，只能用as引导。

【知识拓展】as引导非限制性定语时，可位于句首、句中或句尾，常有“正如，正像”之意，其常用结构为：as anybody can see；as we know；as is well known；as often happens；as is reported；as is often the case；as is mentioned above；as has been pointed out

10. whose。a couple是先行詞，且空格处作children的定语，故填whose。

（二）考查“介词+关系代词”的用法

“介词+关系代词”既可用于限制性定语从句中，还可用于非限制性定语从句中，是定语从句的一种常见用法。

【考例】

1. She was taking the food to the refugee camp， in _________she distributed it to children.（2016年上海卷）

2. Many young people， most of________

were well-educated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.（2016年江苏卷）

3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_________school education depends.（2015年安徽卷）

解析：

1. which。the refugee camp为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故用which作为引导词。

2. whom。先行词指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，故whom符合题意。

3. which。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作介词upon的宾语，故填which。

（三）考查分隔式定语从句

定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后，但是有时可能会在从句和先行词之间插入其他成分，使从句与先行词分隔开来，从而形成了分隔式定语从句（也可称为“间隔式定语从句”）。如：

Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship. （先行词student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开） 汤姆是班里第一个获得奖学金的学生。

【考例】 After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， _________ urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.（2012江苏卷）

解析： who。people为先行词，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故who符合题意。

（四）考查定语从句的主谓一致

当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致，即先行词为单数，从句谓语动词为单数，先行词为复数，则从句谓语动词为复数。

【考例】

1. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who always _________ （wear） evening dress.

2. He wrote many childrens books， nearly half of which _________ （publish） in the 1990s.（2015年重庆卷）

解析：

1. wears。根据always和语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时；关系词在从句中作主语，而one是定语从句的先行词，故空格处应用单数形式。（one之前如没有the only修饰时，先行词为women。）

2. were published。nearly half of which在从句中作主语，且是动作的承受者，根据语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态；结合先行词books可知，空格处填were published。

二、高分技巧点拨

对于定语从句方面的试题，首先应该找准先行词，然后再结合句子成分的知识对关系词在从句中的具体作用分析推敲，判断好关系词在从句中作的是哪一种句子成分。需要注意的是，先行词并不能决定关系词的使用。例如，先行词指时间，但是关系词在从句中作主语，则应用关系代词作为引导词，而不应使用关系副词when。

【考例】

1. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， _________my classmates recommended to me.（2014年北京卷）

2. That evening， _________ I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very late.（2012全国卷II）

解析：

1. which。先行词为book，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作recommended的宾语，故填which。本题容易误填where或when，原因是认为先行词是空前的地点或时间，误认为关系词在从句中作状语。

2. which。that evening虽为表示时间的先行词，但是关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语，故用关系代词which作为非限制性定语从句的引导词。本题容易误填when，原因是没有判断好关系词在从句中的作用。

三、强化训练

（一）单句语法填空

1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears， none of _________ has been proved.

2. The next day， my mother and I went to the beach_________we watched some children play volleyball.

3. Happiness and success often come to those _________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

4. The books on the desk， ________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.

5. I recently read an article about “nomophobia”， ________ is a real illness people cant suffer from the fear of being without your phone！

6. We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， ________ other visitors seldom go.

7. Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

8. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention， _________ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months， will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.

9. The children， all of _________ had played the whole day long， were worn out.

10. We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare _________ we have so many foods available at such low prices.

11. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， _________ made her feel like a star.

12. Toms mother， _________had heard their conversation， asked if they could do it.

13. I decided to leave home for New York， ________ I might have a better chance to find a good job.

14. Behind him were other people to_________he was trying to talk， but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me， looking annoyed.

15. The number of smokers， ________ is reported， has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year.

16. I am looking forward to the day

_________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

17. A company _________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

18. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work.

19. The very thing _________ brought about a complete change in her life was the liberation.

20. As the smallest child of his family， Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.

21. The reason _________ more and more young people dream of becoming a famous singer or musician is that they can become millionaires overnight.

22. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _________ lives were affected.

23. He made another wonderful discovery， _________ I think is of great importance to science.

24. In my opinion，Beijing is the most beautiful city， _________ I spent my last summer holiday.

25. The two old friends talked about the persons and places _________ impressed them most.

26. Alice asked the policeman with _________ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

27. I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.

28. _________ has been announced， we shall have our final exams next month.

29. George Orwell， _________ real name was Eric Arthur， wrote many political novels and essays.

30. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months， of _________ the sailing time was 226 days.

31. Last month， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods， from _________ effects the people are still suffering.

32. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school， most of _________ were from Germany.

33. We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer.

34. Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _________ dont.

35. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， ________ the weather may be better.

36. By serving others， a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself， ________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

37. Last week， only two people came to look at the house， neither of _________ wanted to buy it.

38. I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade， _________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

39. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that far- away village.

40. _________ we have stressed many times， “serve the people” is our first policy.

41. What is known to us all is that the old scientist， for _________ life was hard in the past， still works very hard in his eighties.

42. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday， _________， not surprisingly， was crowded with visitors from all over the world.

43. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

44. As I arrived in Sydney， I wanted to see everything on my first day， _________ I knew was impossible.

45. When people talk about the cities of the U.S. ， the first _________ comes into their mind is New York.

（二）語篇语法填空

Christmas was coming and we were given

1 $25 Christmas check for social services. Mom said instead of buying food， she would use the money 2 （pay） back rent and there would be nothing for Christmas.

3 （actual）， I had already earned enough money by selling Christmas trees to buy a new pair of boots， 4 was unknown to Mom.

Well， the big moment came 5 the afternoon of Christmas Eve. I was hurried to buy my boots. On the way， I noticed a house with Christmas lights and decorations. It suddenly 6 （occur） to me that we had nothing at our house.

As I continued walking， I began to feel

7 （guilt）. I was going to buy a pair of boots while Mom was home in tears. I stopped and stood there for what seemed a long time until I decided what I had to do.

Feeling excited， I went into a grocery store and spent all 8 （I） hard-earned money buying the Christmas goods home. Opening the door， Mom stood there saying nothing.

9 （hold） back the tears， I shouted： “Merry Christmas Mother！ There really is a Santa Claus！”. That day I got enough hugs and 10 （kiss） from Mom to last two lifetimes.