潘井正

完形填空是测试考生综合运用语言能力的一种有效的手段。近几年考查项目的设计日益语境化,日益突出了对考生能力的考查,因此对纯粹的语法或词汇的考查日益减少。命题设计角度也变得更加灵活,常涉及以下几个方面:

1.对整个语篇和上下文语境逻辑关系的考查;

2.语法知识的掌握和灵活运用;

3.特定语境中词语辨析和应用;

4.词语常识包括常用搭配和一些固定的短语用法。

议论型完形填空是高考英语完形填空的重要体裁。2009年的完形填空就是一篇有关高中生的service learning的议论文。文章结构非常清晰,命题者采用了针对一个话题,首先给出正方观点和反方观点,然后作者提出自己看法和观点的模式。本题着重考查考生的逻辑理解能力和知识能力。从题目的设计上看,今年考到了5个名词,4个动词,3个连词,3个介词,2个形容词,2个词组,1个副词。学生要在理解上下文的基础上,着眼于近义词的辨析 (现结合2009年江苏高考完形填空题加以说明)。

The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must1sixty hours of service learning,2they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.3of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.4a service experience, students must keep a journal (日志) and then write a5about what they have learned.

Supporters claim that there are many6of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think7their own interests and become8of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that9responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.10 , students can explore possible careers11service learning.

For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.12there are many benefits, opponents (反对者)13problems with the new requirement. First, they14that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend15time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without16goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose.

In my view, service learning is a great way to17to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.18 , I dont believe you should force people to help others—the19to help must come from the heart. I think the best20is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.

1. A. spendB. gainC. completeD. save

2. A. andB. orC. butD. for

3. A. SubjectsB. ideas

C. ProceduresD. Examples

4. A. WithB. BeforeC. DuringD. After

5. A. diaryB. reportC. noteD. notice

6. A. coursesB. benefits

C. challengesD. features

7. A. beyondB. aboutC. overD. in

8. A. carefulB. proudC. tiredD. aware

9. A. possessB. apply

C. includeD. develop

10. A. GraduallyB. Finally

C. LuckilyD. Hopefully

11. A. throughB. acrossC. ofD. on

12. A. SoB. ThusC. SinceD. While

13. A. deal withB. look into

C. point outD. take down

14. A. argueB. doubtC. overlookD. admit

15. A. muchB. fullC. lessD. more

16. A. costB. payC. care.D. praise

17. A. contributeB. appeal

C. attendD. belong

18. A. ThereforeB. Otherwise

C. BesidesD. However

19. A. courageB. desire

C. emotionD. spirit

20. A. decisionB. purpose

C. solutionD. result

【参考答案与解析】

1. C。由文章知到,现在的大学要求学生要完成60小时Service Learning,完成学时是毕业的必备条件。因此C为正确答案。

2. B。否则 (or) 学生就不能获得毕业文凭。

3. D。cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student都是Service Learning的典型例子 (example),而不属于主题或学科 (subject),因为service learning 本身就是一门学科。

4. C。在Service Learning期间的某一时候,所以选During。

5. B。在进行Service Learning,由生活常识来看,事后得写一篇相关的调查报告 (report)。

6. B。支持者认为社区服务有很多益处,另外从下文“there are many benefits…”也可以得出正确答案。

7. A。此题可能是今年最难的了。“Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think7their own interests and become8(填aware) of the needs of others.”

或许最重要的是,学生不得不去 自己的利益并了解别人的需求。

很多考生不假思索的就选择了think about 思索 或者 think over 慎重思考某事。但是要注意7题后面的and表明前后是并列关系。后面讲了解别人的需求,就意味着思考的问题超越 (beyond) 自己的利益而多考虑别人的需求。

8. D。由上下文容易知道,意识到做某事为最佳答案。

9. C。由上下文容易知道,真正的生活技能包括责任感、解决问题的能力和团队精神,所以C项为最佳答案。

10. B。由上下文容易知道 (most importantly…,…also, … finally…), Finally为正确答案。

11. A。介词through表示通过……。

12. D。连词While表示转折 (although),连接与上文相反的观点。

13. C。point out指出deal with处理look into深入地检查,研究;调查take down写下;记下。根据上下文意思,反对者应该是指出该新要求存在的问题。

14. A。由上下文容易知道,反对者argue争论为最佳答案。在否定句中 动词doubt后面的宾语从句通常用that引导,如果是在肯定句中通常用whether 或if。

15. C。反对者认为,社区服务会耗费时间,学生学习主要课程的时间就会更少 (less) 了。

16. B。由常识可知强迫学生劳动而没有报酬 (without pay) 是违法的。

17. A。contribute to the community 表示为社会做贡献,与上下文相符。而appeal to 表示“吸引、呼吁”,attend to表示“处理、照料“;belong to表示“属于”,都不符合文章含义。

18. D。此处应该为转折,所以选However。

19. B。学生帮助别人的愿望desire必须是发自内心的而不是被迫的。

20. C。最好的解决问题的办法。

近几年完形填空越来越注重考查意义选择填空,而不是简单的考查语法选择填空。适合某一空格的选项从语法角度来看可能有多个,但从特定的“情景”意义来看则只有一个最佳答案。应该说完形填空难在此处。

针对完形填空的特点和对2009年考题的分析,学生该如何更有效的答题,现给出笔者多年来在教学中总结出来的常

用的小技巧:

1.根据上文或者下文的语言信息推知答案;

2.根据语言的感情色彩推知答案;

3.根据语气词或关联词如 While, luckily, finally, however, on the other hand, but 等推知答案;

4.根据生活常识或事理逻辑预设答案;

5.根据语法和习惯用法得出答案。

复习建议:逻辑关系事实上就是我们通常所说的语感。同学们在复习迎考过程中尽量做出题思路与高考真题相近的题目,尤其以2007—2009年江苏省高考试题和近三年全国卷与各地试卷为练习材料 (注:2007年共18套真题,2008年共19套真题,2009年共19套真题),首先模拟考场上状态做完题目,之后一定要精读分析,搞清楚每一个选项为什么对,为什么错,但要注意:练习过程中几道题目的对错并不重要,简单的数字对于我们来说没有任何的意义。重要的是在实践中提高自己的解题能力。同时第二天早上,最好拿出前一天分析过的完形填空题进行朗读来培养语感。因为有了良好的语感,就等于给自己又多了一个制胜的法宝。