杨开成

1. entrance, entry

两词都有“入口；进入”之意。entrance不具体指门或大门，而笼统地指入口处。可和of连用，表示“入口”属于该物的组成部分；也可和to连用，表示通往“某处”的途径。使用时，应依句意的着眼点进行选择。该词强调“进入”的行为，如入门、入场、参战等。entrance还指某人的到来、或容许某人入内。entry可具体指入口，包括门、大门、门厅、门廊等。entry指进入组织或指进入的权力，其后多接介词into；也有准许入内的意思，但语气更为庄重。

a. We cant go along that road because the sign says “No ____”.

b. This did a good deal of damage to the ____ of the building.

c. The ____ to the hall is on your right.

d. The thieves had forced an ____ into the building.

答案：a. Entry b. entrance c. entrance d. entry

2. be known as, be known for, be known to, be known by

be known as意为“作为……知名，被称作是，大家公认为，叫作”，后接身份名词；be known for意为“因……而出名，因……而众所周知”，for表示原因；be known to意为“为……所知，……所熟知”，介词后的名词或代词表示为“谁”所知；be known by意为“凭……而知”，by表示手段或标准，作“通过，按照”解。

a. One can ____ his words and deeds.

b. He ____ the police as a thief.

c. Before liberation, this village ____ its extreme poverty.

d. He ____ a fair judge.

答案：a. be known by b. is known to c. was known for d. is known as

3. deal in, deal with, do with

deal in意为“做买卖，卖某物，经营某物”，后接经营或买卖的商品，一般不用被动语态。deal with和do with都可作“处理”解，deal with常和疑问词how连用；do with中的do为及物动词，要带宾语，故常和疑问词what连用。另外，deal with还有“和……做买卖；对付，和……打交道；涉及，论述，关于(主要指书籍、文章或演讲的内容)”等意思。

a. We dont know what to ____ waste things.

b. Such people are difficult ____.

c. Do you ____ Tom, a greedy merchant?

d. They ____ hardware but not software.

答案及解析：a. do with b. to deal with c. deal with d. deal in

4. aim at, aim for

两者的后面均可接名词、代词或动名词，都表示“目的是，旨在”的意义，一般可换用。不同的是，aim at还有“瞄准，对准”的意义，后既可跟表目的的名词，又可跟射击的目标。be aimed at是aim at的被动语态。aim for强调最终目的。总之，at强调“目标”，for强调最终目的。

a. The visit ____ expanding relation between the two countries.

b. What she ____ is to win a scholarship.

c. We ____ the completion of the task by the end of the year.

d. The hunter ____ ____ the lion and fired, but missed it.

答案及解析：a. was amed at b. is aiming at c. aim for d. aimed at

5. insist that, insist on, stick to, persist in

四者都有“坚持”之意。insist后接that从句有两种用法：一是表示“坚持说，坚决认为(主张)”，从句用陈述语气；二是表示“坚决要，坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用should＋动词原形，should可省略。