Trade,AdventureandNationalism:IncorporationoftheFarWestintoWashingtonIrving'sAstoria

JIA Ying

Keywords: Astoria, Far West; fur trade; adventure; American nationalism; perspective of globalization

Abstract:Adventure is an important subject in American West Narrative after the Independence. Such works caught on with the blooming of American nationalist idea. Irving's Astoria is the classic one. By "Americanizing" the fur trade and adventures launched by a merchant, Irving builds a romantic barrier to whitewash American colonization and expansion on the Pacific coast. And in the heat of "the Oregon boundary dispute" between Britain and America, Irving brings strategic significance for the fur enterprise in the Far West, revealing a sense of economic nationalism. By investigating territorial disputes, trade competition and American ambition for colonization in West North American from the late 18th century to the 1830s, it's easy to figure out how Irving's nationalist narrative resonates with the politics of imperial expansion in a subtle way. However, this narrative exposes several contradictions through the perspective of fur trade globalization in the early 1800s, which confirms that, as an arena of political and economic struggle for European and American empires, the ownership of the West is based on plundering from indigenous people. Irving's discursive practice of incorporating the Far West into American mind exposes a mismatch between non-American land and it's nationalization in art and literature, and his cultural motives and anxieties are clearly revealed as well.

RiseoftheCulturalConservatismofthe"PostMayFourth"Period——ontheOrientalCulturalSchool

WANG Zhong-ping

Keywords: cultural conservatism; the Oriental Cultural School; ideological challenge; ideological characteristics; "Post May Fourth" period

Abstract:The cultural conservatism after the "May Fourth" was represented by the Oriental Cultural School, but it was no longer the oriental cultural school led by Du Yaquan before the "May Fourth". The oriental cultural school was able to transform as Zhang Shizhao turned to the cultural conservative camp.Since then, Liang Qichao, Liang Shuming，Zhang Junmai，etc. have also became representatives of the cultural conservatism camp, and cultural conservatism has developed and expanded. In the "Post May Fourth" period, cultural conservatism has always faced the dual challenges from Marxists and liberals, thereby forming a tripartite situation in the history of modern Chinese thought. China's cultural conservatism has formed its unique ideological characteristics in the rising process, so it has typical significance in the history of ideology and culture.

NetworkDiscourseConflictandGuidanceinMajorEmergencies

HAO Qi-hong

Keywords: major emergencies; network discourse conflict; Value-added theory; guidance of discourse conflict

Abstract:The network discourse conflict in major emergencies mainly reflect the competition of cultural soft power, ideological leadership and values. If handled improperly, it will lead to cognitive deviation and endanger international security. The characteristics of network discourse conflict in major emergencies are as follows: large scale, super-sensitive, many accompanying rumors, short life cycle, harming group relations and endangering national security. According to Smelser's Value-added theory, the causes are as follows: environmental conditions-the release of network discourse power, structural strain-social relations are in a strong tension, the generation of generalized belief-social emotions accumulate to a high degree, the precipitating factor-emergencies become the fuse, mobilization for action-the synergy of inside and outside the system provides a powerful way, the control mechanism- lack of control ability of international discourse power. The management of network discourse conflicts in major emergencies should be done in four aspects: conceptually changing the prevention and control of discourse conflicts to active guidance, changing the channels from a single vocal platform to a composite vocal platform, changing the team construction from "official + folk" to "official + elite + folk" and changing the content from "explaining China to the world" to "explaining the world to the world".

TheDilemmaandOptimizationPathofInternet+GrassrootsGovernanceinthePerspectiveofDigitalGovernanceTheory——ACaseStudyofCityS

DUAN Zhe-zhe JIA Ze-min

Keywords: Internet + grassroots governance; digital governance theory; governance dilemma

Abstract:The application of information technology such as "Internet +" has increasingly become the key to promoting the modernization of governance capacity and system in China. At present, China is facing the dilemma of improving the effectiveness of Internet + grassroots governance. This paper introduces digital governance theory and uses the analytical framework of "reintegration-holism-digital transformation" to observe the obstacles faced in the process of Internet + grassroots governance in City S. The study finds that the problems in three aspects: lack of integration of the public sector and work processes, inadequate overall demand-based services, and lagging government reform and social acceptance related to digital change. In addition, this paper takes the premise that organizational behavior is mainly shaped by the organizational environment to explore the deep-seated reasons behind the obstruction of Internet + grassroots governance. The study finds that the deep reasons behind the obstruction are mainly reflected in the three aspects of "system-mechanism-institution": the path dependence on hierarchical system leads to slow government reform; misguided operational mechanisms such as accountability, incentives, and territorial management; as well as the lag in updating relevant institutions and regulations related to digital transformation.

Conditions,ChallengesandCountermeasuresfortheDevelopmentofDigitalEconomyinAfricaduringthePandemic

BIN Jian-cheng XU Hao-ran WEI Song

Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic; digital economy; African countries; digital technology

Abstract:The unprecedented COVID-19 has severely impacted the development of the world economy, and the risk of economic downturn is increasing. The African continent, which is the most concentrated developing country, is experiencing a severe economic recession, which is manifested in: macroeconomic recession and global value chain failure. Imports and exports have fallen sharply, the unemployment rate has continued to rise, the government's fiscal pressure has risen sharply, and financial stability has been hit. However, there is a chance in every crisis, and the major changes of the times represented by the digital economy are becoming a major opportunity for the reconstruction of Africa's economic and social structure. From the perspective of the conditions for the development of the digital economy, African countries have many advantages such as great market potentials and strong governmental support. To this end, Africa should "be good at seeking opportunities in crises and finding new deals in the changes", actively respond to the opportunities and deficiencies in the development of the digital economy, and inject new strong impetus into Africa's economic transformation.

ALiteratureReviewofHumanCapitalTheory

WANG Zeng-wu ZHANG Xiao-dong

Keywords: Human capital; theoretical formation; Literature review

Abstract:As an important branch in economics, the theory of human capital has its inevitability and necessity. Western human capital theory mainly includes the human capital thoughts before the formation of human capital theory and the formation and development of modern human capital theory. Research on Chinese human capital theory was started late, and it was mainly based on localized research on the basis of Western human capital theory. The theme has many references, the main directions are human capital and economic growth, human capital measurement, human capital investment income, human capital efficiency, micro human capital theory, etc.