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MIS-TLIF与W-TLIF治疗单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症的临床效果分析

2020-09-02林曦尹晓明林飞跃徐杨

中外医学研究 2020年18期
关键词:微创腰椎

林曦 尹晓明 林飞跃 徐杨

【摘要】 目的:探討微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(MIS-TLIF)与单切口双侧Wiltse入路的经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(W-TLIF)治疗单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法:选取2015年7月1日-2017年7月1日笔者所在医院收治的100例单节段腰椎椎管狭窄患者,根据治疗方式不同将其分为MIS-TLIF和W-TLIF组,每组50例。比较两组术中失血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后ODI、VAS评分及并发症发生情况。结果:MIS-TLIF组手术时间长于W-TLIF组,术中出血量显著少于W-TLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6周两组ODI及VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与MIS-TLIF相比,W-TLIF手术时间较短,但失血量更多,但是两种方法治疗单节段的腰椎管狭窄症的效果相近,术者可根据自己的经验选择手术方式。

【关键词】 腰椎椎管狭窄症 经椎间孔椎间融合术 Wiltse入路 微创 腰椎 单节段

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.18.002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1674-6805(2020)18-000-03

Clinical Effect Analysis of MIS-TLIF and W-TLIF in the Treatment of Single-segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis/LIN Xi, YIN Xiaoming, LIN Feiyue, XU Yang. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(18): -5

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and single incision bilateral Wiltse approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (W-TLIF) in the treatment of single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis. Method: A total of 100 patients with single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis admitted in our hospital from July 1st, 2015 to July 1st, 2017 were selected and divided into the MIS-TLIF group and the W-TLIF group according to different treatment methods, with 50 patients in each group. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, hospitalization time, postoperative ODI, VAS score and complications were compared between the two groups. Result: The operation time of MIS-TLIF group was longer than that of W-TLIF group, and the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that of W-TLIF group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in ODI and VAS scores between the two groups 6 weeks after operation (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with MIS-TLIF, the operation time of W-TLIF is shorter, but the blood loss is greater. However, the two methods have similar effects in the treatment of single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis, and the operator can choose the operation method according to his own experience.

[Key words] Lumbar spinal stenosis Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion Wiltse approach Minimally invasive Lumbar spine Single segment

MIS-TLIF應用管道牵拉系统经椎间孔减压的微创手术技术[5],可以保留对侧的肌肉、韧带和骨组织,减少切口相关的软组织损伤,术中失血量少,术后可早期活动[6],从而减少术后切口相关的疼痛及镇痛药的应用。管道牵拉系统可以替代助手拉钩,但因为管道牵张系统的限制,MIS-TLIF不利于多节段手术。为了精准定位,MIS-TLIF术中X线的暴露更多[7]。利用皮下软组织弹性行正中单切口双侧Wiltse入路[8],从肌肉间隙进入,同样可以更好地暴露后方韧带复合体和椎旁肌肉[9]。本研究发现,MIS-TLIF组失血量明显少于W-TLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);W-TLIF手术时间明显短于MIS-TLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。表明MIS-TLIF出血更少,可能与管道牵张止血有关。MIS-TLIF手术时间更长,可能与手术视野小有关[10]。两组住院时间及术后ODI及VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两种手术均可取得良好的效果,术后恢复快。

W-TLIF入路手术视野更好,初学者更容易掌握,相比MIS-TLIF更适合2个节段及以上的病变。MIS-TLIF的学习曲线较陡峭。术者熟练掌握后,手术时间会明显缩短。本研究发现MIS-TLIF组手术时间长于W-TLIF组,可能与术中透视及操作视野较小有关。研究表明MIS-TLIF需要更多的透视[11]。MIS-TLIF术中操作的射线暴露平均是W-TLIF的2.5倍,而眼睛、甲状腺和手部的射线暴露是W-TLIF的10~20倍[5]。

Phan等[12]通过meta分析表明MIS-TLIF的感染率明显低于W-TLIF(1.2% VS 4.6%)。W-TLIF与传统的双侧切开相比更加美观,但是如果一味追求小切口可能造成过度牵拉,造成皮肤软组织缺血,容易造成术后切口愈合不良。术者发现加长0.5~1 cm的切口,可明显降低术中因过度牵拉造成的皮肤缺血坏死。本研究结果显示,两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MIS-TLIF组出现1例脑脊液渗漏和1例神经根损伤,可能和通道下得操作视野小有关。W-TLIF组因为单切口,皮肤牵拉时间较长,早期出现2例皮肤切口愈合不良,因此术中可适当延长切口,避免皮肤过度牵拉,减少愈合不良情况发生。

脊柱微创手术目前已经是一种发展趋势,MIS-TLIF和W-TLIF技术都可以很好的保留后方韧带复合体,对椎旁肌肉的损伤小,术后疼痛较少,可以早期下床活动,对于单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症患者都可以取得良好的效果,MIS-TLIF操作视野小,手术时间更长,注意防止神经相关并发症得发生,W-TLIF可适当延长切口,防止切口愈合不良,术者可以根据自己的经验,选择自己擅长的手术方式。

参考文献

[1] Khoi D T,Paul P,Kai-Ming F,et al.Clinical and radiographic parameters associated with best versus worst clinical outcomes in minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery[J].Journal of Neurosurgery Spine,2016,25(1):21-25.

[2] Jun-tao Q,Yu T,Mei W,et al.Comparison of MIS vs.open PLIF/TLIF with regard to clinical improvement,fusion rate,and incidence of major complication:a meta-analysis[J].European Spine Journal,2015,24(5):1058-1065.

[3] Fan Y,Zhang J N,He X,et al.A Comparison of the Mini-Open Wiltse Approach with Pedicle Screw Fixation and the Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation for Neurologically Intact Thoracolumbar Fractures[J].Medical Science Monitor,2017,20(23):5515-5521.

[4] Choi W S,Kim J S,Ryu K S,et al.Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L5-S1 through a Unilateral Approach:Technical Feasibility and Outcomes[J].BioMed Research International,2016,25(18):394.

[5] Ge D H,Stekas N D,Varlotta C G,et al.Comparative Analysis of Two Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Techniques: Open TLIF Versus Wiltse MIS TLIF[J].Spine,2019,44(9):E555-E560.

[6] Alimi M,Hofstetter C P,Pyo S Y,et al.Minimally invasive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis:clinical outcome and reoperation rates[J].Journal of Neurosurgery Spine,2015,22(4):339-352.

[7] Miller L E,Bhattachary S,Pracyk J.Minimally Invasive Versus Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single-Level Degenerative Disease:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials[J].World Neurosurgery,2019,133:358-365.

[8] Street J T,Andrew Glennie R,Dea N,et al.A comparison of the Wiltse versus midline approaches in degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine[J].Journal of Neurosurgery Spine,2016,25(3):332-338.

[9] Li H,Yang L,Chen J,et al.Magnetic resonance imaging-based anatomical study of the multifidus-longissimus cleavage planes in the lumbar spine[J].American Journal of Translational Research,2016,8(1):109-116.

[10] Feng C,Zhang Y,Chong F,et al.Establishment and Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathway Tailored for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery[J].World Neurosurgery,2019,129(5):e317-e323.

[11] Vaishnav A S,Merrill R,Sandhu H,et al.A Review of Techniques,Time-demand,Radiation Exposure and Outcomes of Skin-anchored Intra-operative 3D Navigation in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Surgery[J].Spine,2019,11(7):1-28.

[12] Phan K,Rao P J,Kam A C,et al.Minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of degenerative lumbar disease:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].European Spine Journal,2015,24(5):1017-1030.

(收稿日期:2020-02-24) (本文編辑:桑茹南)

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