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高频振荡通气治疗胎粪吸入综合征的临床研究

2019-08-19张志华

中外医学研究 2019年18期

张志华

【摘要】 目的:探讨胎粪吸入综合征采取高频振荡通气治疗的临床效果。方法:选取笔者所在医院接收的50例新生儿胎粪吸入综合征患者,时间为2015年6月-2018年12月,随机分为对照组(n=25,采取常频机械通气)与观察组(n=25,采取高頻振荡通气治疗),对临床疗效及相关指标进行观察。结果:观察组在给予呼吸支持后12、24、48、72 h的PO2、a/APO2、SaO2均高于对照组,PCO2低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组氧疗时间、使用呼吸机时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿胎粪吸入综合征采取高频振荡通气模式治疗,效果显著,值得推广。

【关键词】 常频机械通气; 胎粪吸入综合征; 高频振荡通气

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.18.008 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2019)18-00-03

【Abstract】 Objective:To study the clinical effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS).Method:A total of 50 MAS children treated from June 2015 to December 2018 in our hospital were selected and randomly assigned to two groups,25 cases in each group.The control group was served as conventional mechanical ventilation,the observation group was served as high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.The clinical effect and index was probed.Result:After 12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h of ventilation,the values of PO2(partial pressure of oxygen),a/APO2(arterial oxygen/alveolar oxygen) and SaO2(arterial oxygen saturation) in the observation group were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05),the values of PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in the observation group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).The oxygen therapy time and ventilation time in the observation group was significantly shorter than control group (P<0.05),the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The high-frequency oscillatory ventilation has an obvious effect in meconium aspiration syndrome children.It is worthy of promotion.

【Key words】 Conventional mechanical ventilation; Meconium aspiration syndrome; High-frequency oscillatory ventilation

First-authors address:Heyuan Women & Childrens Hospital and Health Institute,Heyuan 517000,China

新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)发病率为2%,以足月儿及过期产儿多发,是指胎儿吸入被胎粪污染的羊水,导致通气障碍,并伴有肺组织炎症反应,临床主要表现为呼吸窘迫[1]。MAS多需要予以机械通气治疗,近年来,高频振荡通气广泛应用于新生儿呼吸道疾病的治疗中,但其用于治疗MAS的报道较少。本研究中通过对2015年6月-2018年12月笔者所在医院接收的MAS患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨胎粪吸入综合征采取高频振荡通气治疗的临床疗效,内容如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取笔者所在医院接收的50例新生儿胎粪吸入综合征患者,时间为2015年6月-2018年12月。纳入患者均符合胎粪吸入综合征相关诊断标准:(1)出生时有宫内窘迫史、窒息史;(2)可观察到声门下方有胎粪颗粒;(3)胸片显示肺部有颗粒状阴影;(4)满足机械通气指征:PCO2 60~70 mm Hg伴pH<7.25;PO2<50 mm Hg;经皮氧饱和度(TcSO2)<85%或FiO2=0.6。排除标准:(1)合并先天性膈疝、先天性心肺畸形及气管食管瘘等;(2)Apgar评分低于3分;(3)生平体征不平稳;(4)颅内出血等级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ。将入选者随机分为对照组(n=25,采取常频机械通气)与观察组(n=25,采取高频振荡通气治疗)。观察组中,女8例,男17例,胎龄(38.5±3.5)周,出生体重(3 190±1 310)g,Apgar评分(7±3)分。对照组中,女7例,男18例,胎龄(38.4±3.1)周,出生体重(3 160±690)g,Apgar评分(7±3)分。两组患儿一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,患者均知情同意。