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苎麻麻骨代料栽培平菇的研究

2019-07-22李杨红李相才郭曦隆张元林彭定祥刘立军

湖北农业科学 2019年11期
关键词:苎麻平菇培养料

李杨红 李相才 郭曦隆 张元林 彭定祥 刘立军

摘要:試验以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)黑平380为供试菌株,苎麻(Boehmeria nivea L.)麻骨与棉子壳按比例混合,以常规配方为对照,进行秋季栽培平菇,层架出菇管理,探索麻骨代料栽培平菇的可行性,分析了各配方平菇产量、农艺性状、营养品质等。结果表明,含苎麻麻骨各配方平菇的产量、子实体大小和产出投入比均优于对照,且以T2配方(苎麻麻骨、棉子壳、麸皮、石膏的含量分别为59%、19%、21%、1%)产量最高;含麻骨配方生产的平菇营养品质与对照无显著差异;含苎麻麻骨的配方基质含碳量和含氮量皆低于对照;基质含氮量与平菇生长周期指标显著正相关。该研究为平菇生产提供了新的材料来源和技术支持,满足了高产、经济、实用和安全的栽培要求,也为麻骨综合利用开辟了新领域。

关键词:平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus);苎麻(Boehmeria nivea L.)麻骨;培养基配方;代料栽培

中图分类号:S646.9;S563.1         文献标识码:A

文章编号:0439-8114(2019)11-0078-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.018           开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Study on substitute cultivation of Plearotus ostreatus by ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.) sticks

LI Yang-hong1,2,LI Xiang-cai3,GUO Xi-long1,ZHANG Yuan-lin3,PENG Ding-xiang1,LIU Li-jun1

(1.MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;2.Garden Management Bureau(Toutunhe District),Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone,Urumqi 830026,China;3.Special Products Bureau of Yangxin County,Yangxin 435200,Hubei,China)

Abstract: Taking Pleurotus ostreatus black-380 as materials, ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.) sticks and cotton seed hull mixed in proportion, the conventional formulation was as control, P. ostreatus was cultivated in autumn and the mushroom management was by layer, the feasibility on substitute cultivation of P. ostreatus by ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.) sticks was explored, and the yield of P. ostreatus, agronomic traits and nutritional quality of all the formulas were analyzed. The results showed that the yield, fruit-body size and output-input ratio of each formula containing ramie sticks were better than the control, and the highest yield was obtained by formula T2(ramie sticks, cotton seed hull, bran and gypsum content was 59%, 19%, 21% and 1%, respectively). The nutritional quality of P. ostreatus had no significant difference between the formula containing ramie sticks and the contrast. The carbon content and nitrogen content of ramie sticks formula were lower than those of the control. There was a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen content of substrate and the growth cycle index of P. ostreatus. This study can provide new material sources and technical support for P. ostreatus production, and meet the requirements of high yield, economic, practical and safe cultivation, and also open up a new field for the comprehensive utilization of hemp bone.

2.6  不同配方平菇投入产出比

由表8可知,5个配方的产出投入比依次为2.08、1.98、1.42、1.11、1.03。含苎麻麻骨成分的配方其产出投入比均高于对照,其中T1配方的产出投入比最高,T2配方次之。

2.7  不同配方栽培平菇的综合评价

对平菇不同配方间各指标进行综合评价可知,T1和T3配方在产量、生物学效率、子实体农艺性状和营养性方面与对照均无显著差异,但T1和T3配方的栽培周期显著短于对照,且产出投入比高于对照。T2配方在产量、子实体农艺性状、营养性和安全性方面与对照均无显著差异,但T2配方栽培周期显著短于对照,生物学效率和产出投入比也高于对照,T4配方各指标与对照均无显著差异(表9)。

3  小结与讨论

平菇具有分解有机物、修复自然环境的作用,能将栽培料中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等降解成小分子营养物质供自身生长[13,14]。随着人类社会发展以及对自然环境的保护意识增强,需要更多的绿色、经济、实用的替代培养料,实现平菇的代料栽培,而使用麻骨作为替代培养料是实现该途径的有效方法之一。

使用含苎麻麻骨的培养料与常规培养料(对照)在产量上没有显著差异;同时从菌丝生长情况来看,含麻骨配方皆优于对照,菌丝长速快,满袋时间短,采收早。比较各个配方可知,T2配方产量指标最好。在形态学方面,含麻骨配方的菌盖指标大于对照。说明使用麻骨作为替代培养料,不仅能达到产量的要求,而且明显缩短了平菇栽培周期,节约上市时间。96%的苎麻副产物被废弃[10],以这些储量丰富、价格低廉的原材料栽培平菇,经济效益显著。

由其营养品质来看,含麻骨配方与对照没有显著差异。氨基酸总量22.15%~24.31%,低于Chen等[15]用水葫芦栽培秀珍菇的试验结果,这可能和培养料基质营养成分及品种的基因型有一定关系,总体上含麻骨配方的氨基酸含量普遍高于對照,尤其是T1配方。在该试验中粗蛋白质含量36.07%~38.53%,普遍高于以前的栽培研究[16-18]。试验所得粗脂肪含量为3.50%~4.69%,低于用混有粪肥的小麦秸秆进行平菇栽培的研究结果(7.97%~13.94%)[19]。平菇多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗突变、免疫促进及降低胆固醇的作用[20],苗永美等[21]用最佳工艺所生产的平菇,其多糖得率仅为6.48%,而本试验所得平菇多糖含量为7.34%~9.75%,高于其研究结果。

从基质碳和氮含量来看,含苎麻麻骨的配方皆低于对照,而低碳和低氮培养体系有利于平菇酶系统进行生物降解而吸收营养[22];氮含量与平菇生长周期存在显著正相关,该结果与前人研究相似[23,24],故含麻骨配方较对照配方更有利于平菇的生长。

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